The World Turned Upside Down Native Americans dealt with a lot of different colonists in early America. The Spanish, French, English, and Dutch all colonized North America. Among those, some were there for farming, some were there for religion, some were there for trading, and some were there to start over. Managing the different currents of these new inhabitants was made more difficult when one nation took control of the land once controlled by another. Add in the differing attitudes maintained by individuals and towns towards the American Indian, and you begin to see just how difficult it was to handle a rapidly changing world. Use Calloway’s book, The World Turned Upside Down, to gain insight into these challenges and the responses to them. The book has a summary of events written by Calloway, a Professor of History and Native American Studies at Dartmouth College. In his introduction, he briefly explains all the forces that the Native Americans had to navigate. The second part of the book is a collection of primary sources, items written at the time of events by those who lived them. Take these items and decide what problems and limitations these records create for the understanding of Native American history. How does the differing appreciation for the use of spoken and written words affect the relationship between Native Americans and Europeans? And why was the understanding of land ownership so often the cause of war between the two groups?