SDiscussion 2: Elements of Quality
Discussion 2: Elements of Qualitysocial Marketing and Social Media
Professor question based on my discussion 150 words with 2 references APA
Joann: Social marketing is often used to attempt to change behavioral norms (from
behaviors that result in adverse health outcomes to those that result in positive
outcomes.) What specific behavioral norms would be targeted for DB
management?
Please use the information below to answer the replies
Respond to at least one of your colleagues’ posts. Provide a substantive reply in
one or more of the following ways:
• Offer a different perspective regarding whether a tool is social marketing or
social media.
• Offer another strength or limitation of using social media to disseminate
information.
• Offer insight you gained this week on the use of these tools that builds on a
colleague’s post.
Be sure to support your posts and responses with specific references to the
Learning Resources and the current literature
Fred
A public health professional should know the appropriate type(s) of marketing for various
public health programs. A factor that determines the choice of marketing is the target audience
and the public health program’s objectives. The targeted market will guide the public health
official in identifying appropriate tools. For example, Facebook is a proper marketing tool for the
general demographics (Shawky et al., 2019). The objective(s) of the public health program also
determines the type of marketing tool(s) to use. A public health issue requires a marketing tool
available and accessible by every person. Mobile health is probably an efficient tool because
almost everyone owns a mobile phone.
Social marketing and social media share similarities and also differ in multiple ways.
Social media is a communication platform. For example, people can communicate and network
with each other using Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram (Shawky et al., 2019). Marketers use
social media techniques to advertise and promote their products. On the contrary, social
marketing is a technique used to transform or change an individual’s behaviors for everyone’s
common good. For instance, the government uses television ads to persuade passengers and car
drivers to use seatbelts whenever they are in transit. The use of persuasion comes in handy when
trying to change people’s behaviors from not using seatbelts to making use of them. The
similarity between the two terminologies is that both are marketing tools and inseparable
(Shawky et al., 2019). Social marketing relies on the efficiency of social media tools to relay the
intended message to the target market.
One potential strength of using social media tools is the capacity to reach a large
audience in real-time. For instance, statistics show that in 2021, the number of active Facebook
users was 1.93 billion daily (Shawky et al., 2019). Nonetheless, a potential limitation associated
with social media tools is message distortion. In my public health program (SPP), social
marketing may greatly help address the value of insurance cover as one way of fighting poverty.
Reference
Shawky, S., Kubacki, K., Dietrich, T., & Weaven, S. (2019). Using social media to create
engagement: A social marketing review. Journal of Social Marketing, 9(2), 204224. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSOCM-05-2018-0046
Bernadette
RE: Discussion – Week 6
Similarities and Differences Between Social Marketing and Social Media and
Example
Social marketing and social media have been used interchangeably on specific platforms. While
there are similarities, there are differences between the two terms. Social marketing is an
approach aimed at influencing and changing peoples’ behaviors through developing activities
for the benefit of individuals and society (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC],
n.d.). Social media is a communication technology that facilitates sharing content,
communication campaigns, and messaging (CDC, 2011). A singular difference is social media is
the communication method, and social marketing uses principles and tactics to increase
awareness of an issue. A similarity is they work together to get a message, content, campaign,
and information to the masses or a specific group regarding a topic. They complement each
other in marketing as the compelling message and media is the platform through which the
message is driven. An example of social media is the platforms of Twitter, Facebook, TikTok,
Instagram, and Snapchat, to name a few, which are tools to convey information. An example of
social marketing is a campaign targeting individuals and/or specific groups for being active
through exercising. In the social marketing example, the campaign is exercising and being
active.
Strength and Limitation Of Using Social Media Tools To Disseminate
Information
A strength of social media is the number of people a message can reach; there are large
audiences on various platforms. In 2022 it has been recorded that 58.4% of the world’s
population is on social media, which equates to approximately 4.62 billion people (Chaffey,
2022). In the last year, 424 million new users have joined online platforms (Chaffey, 2022).
There is an extreme possibility many people will view a public health program message. On the
other hand, because there are so many messages and content, a downside is that people do
not always watch or read the information. The public health program may miss the mark in
getting its target audience to view its message. Various platforms analyze views, followers, and
subscribers so you can track the success of reaching a specific population or many people.
However, the amount of time spent on social media to capture your audience’s attention is
time-consuming; a program must have a strategy to disseminate and garner watch hours from
the target audience.
Use Social Marketing In Public Health Program (SPP)
The SPP is increasing mental health awareness and utilization. There are several ways to use
social marketing in a public health program. The marketing message/information will remain
consistent with increasing awareness of using mental health services by reducing the associated
stigma. The project will use TikTok, Facebook, and YouTube to disseminate the message of the
importance of using mental health services and increasing awareness. TikTok will be used for
small /quick and informative videos, lasting a maximum of 1 minute with
#mentalhealthawareness to target the younger audience. The Facebook posts will be longer
with empowerment conversations surrounding mental health. The Youtube videos will be
longer videos giving mental health awareness tips with positive affirmations, videos of people
simulating therapy sessions, and coping mechanisms. The different social media platforms will
be used to convey social marketing messages about mental health.
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Building our understanding: Social
marketing on a dime using social media to do more with less. Retrieved
https://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dch/programs/healthycommunitiesprogram/tools/pdf/s
ocial_marketing.pdf
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of the Associate Director for
Communication. (2011). The health communicator’s social media toolkit. Retrieved from
http://www.cdc.gov/socialmedia/Tools/guidelines/pdf/SocialMediaToolkit_BM.pdf
Chaffey, D. (2022). Global social media statistics research summary 2022. Retrieved
https://www.smartinsights.com/social-media-marketing/social-media-strategy/newglobal-social-media-research/
Rene
Social Marketing and Social Media
According to Abroms (2019), the term social media refers to the means of
interactions among people in which they create, share, and/or exchange information and
ideas in virtual communities and networks. in some cases, to collaborate with other users
in real-time. It is the internet-based form of communication that allows individuals and
communities to gather and communicate; to share information, ideas, personal messages,
images, and other content; and, in some cases, to collaborate with other users in realtime. Social media platforms allow users to have conversations, share information, and
create web content, (Abroms, 2019). It is one of the biggest tools designed for people who
interact with each other and share their ideas, information, and content. There are many
forms of social media, including Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, social networking sites,
photo-sharing sites, instant messaging, video-sharing sites, podcasts, widgets, virtual
worlds, and more.
Social marketing is an approach used to develop activities aimed at changing or
maintaining people’s behavior for the benefit of individuals and society. According to
the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention [CDC] (nd), social marketing is a “process
that applies marketing principles and techniques to create, communicate and deliver value
to influence an audience to change their behavior for the sake of social benefits such as
improving health, preventing injuries, protecting the environment, or contributing to the
community. For example, the antitobacco campaign to reduce smoking, (Smith, 2006).
Social media is a platform that facilitates interaction and can be used to create
effective social marketing campaigns to influence human behavior for the community’s
enhancement, (Abroms, 2019).
Explanation of one potential strength and one potential
limitation of using social media tools to disseminate information
about public health programs
One potential strength of using social media tools to disseminate information about
public health programs is its potential to enhance the speed at which communication is
sent and received during public health programs. Social media offers new ways of
conducting public health surveillance and disseminating public health information,
especially among those difficult to reach, (Giustini et al.2018).
Social media platforms are low-cost tools that can be used to address issues in
public health, especially in countries where health-related institutions experience
economic limitations, (Smith, 2006). If utilized effectively, social media has the potential to
improve the way public health agencies engage, interact, and communicate with their
various audiences. Specifically, social media are technologies that facilitate opportunities
for engaging with the audience, and for creating and maintaining relationships, (Smith,
2006).
Potential limitation
One of the potential limitations of using social media tools to disseminate
information about public health programs is that social media may expose individuals to
misinformation. According to Giustini et al.2018, experts have studied big data in online
search and social media with many reports highlighting surges in online
misinformation. Poor quality online sources have drowned out official advisories
with fake and potentially harmful information. This presents major health concerns
given the public’s difficulty in differentiating reliable from unreliable sources of
information, even among individuals with good baseline health literacy (Giustini et
al.2018).
Explanation of how I might use social marketing in my public health program (SPP)
My SPP is basically on improving HIV/AIDs. The goals are:
Goal 1: Improve HIV/AIDS screening in the Bronx in 1 year. This can be done by
providing free insurance coverage to the Bronx community, free home tests, and free
education
Goal2: Improve awareness of covered services and HIV/AIDS among the Bronx
community in the Bronx in 1 year.
Goal: 3 Provide free HIV/AIDS self-testing to all the hospital’s visitors
in the Bronx in 9 months. This will be accomplished by distributing free HIV
self-testing.
I might use social media, such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram to
educate and provide or post information on HIV/AIDS screening and make
people aware of covered services available. Also, I would disseminate
information on how to get free HIV self-testing, free insurance coverage,
and what website to use to get access to free insurance coverage.
References
Abroms LC. Public Health in the Era of Social Media. Am J Public Health. 2019
https://doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2018.304947
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] (nd). Social Networking and social media.
https://www.cdc.gov.socialmedia.tools/socialnetworking.html
Giustini D, Ali SM, Fraser M, Kamel Boulos MN. (2018). Effective uses of social media in public
health
and
medicine:
a
systematic
review
reviews. https://doi:10.5210/ojphi. v10i2.8270. PMID: 30349633
Smith WA. Social marketing: an overview of approach and effects. (2006).
https:// doi: 10.1136/ip.2006.012864. PMID: 16788110
of
systematic
I will add 2 more replies
Discussion 2 replies
Provide constructive feedback to your peers by asking questions about any aspect
of the data collection instruments and the strategies that may not be clear, and
making recommendations as appropriate.
2 references or more 150 words or more
Oluwata
Discussion 1: Data Collection Instrumentation
The diagram below illustrates my proposed explanatory sequential mixed methods design
and the data collection imperatives.
Quantitative Data Collection Instrumentation
The quantitative strand of the MMR will collect data from secondary sources: Global MPI
Databases (2010-2022), National MPI Databases (2015-2020), National Social Security
Register (2015-2022) and National Living Standards Survey Database (2010-2022). The
Instrument to be used for the quantitative study is the Oxford Poverty and Human
Development Initiative Handbook of Multidimensional Poverty Measurement and Analysis.
The templates for the Alkire-Foster Method will be downloaded into STATA statistical
software. STATA is used for MPI because of the its robustness for data science and
inference – data manipulation, exploration, visualisation, statistics, reporting and
reproducibility (Stata, 2022). The STATA module to compute the Alkire-Foster
multidimensional poverty measures and their decomposition by deprivation indicators and
population sub-groups, will be downloaded from the OPHI MPI Database. An example of
STATA module for MPI follow link: http://fmwww.bc.edu/repec/bocode/m/mpi.ado.
This is the AF Method recommended statistical analysis tool. The key feature of the AF
method is it provides a single headline measure of poverty; the guidelines in the handbook
will be used to perform: the decomposition by population group, the breakdown by
dimension or indicator, and evaluation changes over time. To conduct quantitative analysis
to derive the Chronic Multidimensional Poverty Index, using secondary source global MPI
databases (this is archival data from 2010-2021) – this will provide the basis for
triangulating where in Nigeria chronic and acute poverty has the highest incidence and
intensity at the Level of States, it will also allow us to see the structure and composition of
overlapping deprivations.
To conduct a Correlational Analysis of the Relationship between Chronic and Acute
Multidimensional Poverty Index and Identify areas with the highest combined incidence
(that is Nigeria States with the highest intensity and incidence of multidimensional
deprivations in the States with the convergence of chronic and acute poverty). These will
done in Stata using MPI modules and statistical analysis protocols from Alkire et al (2015).
Lastly, using database of Head of Households from the National Security Register identify
Heads of Households in the States with the highest incidence of the combined phenomenon,
using purposive sampling to select participants for interviews (head of households across
poor local governments). To understand the breadth, depth, complexity, sequence and
composition of their experience.
Qualitative Data Collection Instrumentation
The qualitative strand/component follows the participatory interviews from the purposive
sampling of the most impoverished rural families for individual interviews and focus
groups. The instrument for the qualitative strand will be an interview protocol that will be
developed and informed the findings of the quantitative strand and the theoretical
frameworks for the MMR.
Interview Protocol Conceptualisation
Key interview questions will explore the heads of households’ experience of deprivations of
specific outcomes – ends related to Health, Education, Living Standards and income. Key
interview questions will explore the sequence and history of “means” (history of resources
deprivation, duration of deprivations, household, family and external causes). The MPI
Dimensions of Poverty provide evaluative lenses through which to frame questions about
particular dimensions of deprivations. The interview protocols used by Alkire et al (2015),
Samuel et al (2018) and Andresen (2016) to explore qualitative dimensions of
multidimensional poverty as a multifacted experience, an outcome of social isolation and
exclusion and lived households experience respectively, will be customised and adapted to
the specificity of the Nigerian MMR study.
Key Adaptations from Andresen (2016) are the following questions:
• How do Head of Households (HH) understand the good life?
• How long have they been deprived of any dimension of poverty?
• How did they experience deprivation or the good life growing Up?
• What factors and things have kept them from the good life?
• What factors and things might keep their children from the good life?
Key Adaptations from Alkire et al (2015) interpretation of Sen Capability Theoretical
Framework: to articulate questions on Means (Resources), Conversion Factors (Internal and
External) and Ends (Capability and Functioning) to understand lived combined chronic and
acute poverty, within specific time constructs t1 and t2.
• What is the chronology of the their deprivations in health, education and standards
of living dimensions?
• How does HH experience the dimensions of poverty, and how do they overlap?
• How does HHH experience deprivation in means and ends?
• What do they think their highest deprivations in means and ends are?
•
•
What conversion factors impacted them the most between t1 and t2? What
deprivations did their parents have and now they as heas of households have?
What conversion factors have the greatest effect on the persisting deprivations?
Key Adapations from Samuel et al (2018) and Zaleta et al. (2018) on The Social
Capital: This will be essential to exploring the conversion factors and how internal
and external factors drive isolation and exclusion that causes the level of access to
means and ends\
• How do they experience social isolation and marginalisation?
• Are there public services they are entitled to that they cannot access and
why?
• In what areas do they feel they are Disconnected and Excluded?
In conclusion: A range of instrumentation and Sources is critical the my MMR study.
Alkire-Foster Model Handbook and Guide to Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis
for Multidimensional Poverty Studies, MPI Survey Tool, Secondary Data Sources:
Global MPI Database Access (2015-2021), National MPI Database Access (20152021), National Household Living Standards Survey Database Access (2000-2021).
Primary Data Sources: An Adapted Qualitative Participatory Interview Protocol that
combines the aforementioned adaptations into one interview protocol.
Accreditation and Certification for Access to Register of the Poor: National Research
Ethics Certification from Nigerian National Social Security Register. The National
Social Security Register provides the contacts of the most impoverished and
vulnerable Nigerians in each local government in Nigeria, the participants for the
interviews, focus groups and household observations of lived poverty experience
will be sourced from the register and validated from within the communities. Due
to regulations on access to the most vulnerable populations for study, partner
organisations will play a critical role is access to national register and access to
detailed data for purposive sampling of head of households. Completion of
Accreditation for MPI Practitioners and Certification Training in Stata Modules for
MPI quantitative analysis is an essential instrumentation requirement for data
collection.
References
Alkire, S., Roche, J. M., Ballon, P., Foster, J., Santos, M. E., & Seth, S.
(2015). Multidimensional poverty measurement and analysis. Oxford University
Press, USA.
Andresen, S. (2016). How families experience deprivation: A qualitative study on
mothers and fathers living in poverty in Germany. Journal of Family
Research/Zeitschrift für Familienforschung.
Collins, K. M., & O’cathain, A. (2009). Introduction: Ten points about mixed methods
research to be considered by the novice researcher. International Journal of
Multiple Research Approaches, 3(1), 2-7.
Johnson, R. B., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2004). Mixed methods research: A research
paradigm whose time has come. Educational researcher, 33(7), 14-26.
Samuel, K., Alkire, S., Zavaleta, D., Mills, C., & Hammock, J. (2018). Social isolation
and its relationship to multidimensional poverty. Oxford Development
Studies, 46(1), 83-97.
Stata (2022). About Stata. Retrieved from: https://www.stata.com/features/
DISCUSSION 2
Respond to your colleagues in one of the following ways:
Expand on the ideas offered.
• Offer a different perspective.
• Explain insights you have gained based on the comments made by your
colleagues.
Offered some praise and also different perspective or constructive critics’
•
2-3 references APA citation 150 words or more
Kim
Mixed Methods Dissertation Study
Hill (2010) completed an exploratory sequential three phase mixed methods study to
examine the relationship between social support and resources of kinship caregivers and their
health. The author utilized
qualitative data from case studies, file reviews, and observations in
the first two phases to guide the quantitative portion of the study. The multiple forms of data
were collected, analyzed, and integrated to answer the overall research question: What are the
issues related to the social support, resources, and health needs of child kinship caregivers? while
additional research questions were formulated for reach phase of the study (Hill, 2010). The
ecological model and biopsychosocial model were utilized for the theoretical framework to study
the complexity of kinship caregivers social support, resources, and health (Hill, 2010); although,
not explicitly stated the concepts formed the conceptual framework. The data revealed a
connection between the kinship caregiver access and utilization of resources and their health
along with validation of prior research results. Overall, the study provided a wealth of knowledge
to advocate for kinship caregivers and the children entrusted into their care.
Mixed Methods Research Standards
The dissertation by Hill (2010) met many of the mixed methods research standards while
there were noted opportunities for improvement as well. The study did not include the complete
introductory chapter as outlined in the Walden University Mixed Methods Dissertation
Checklist. The introductory chapter details the introduction to the research which includes the
background, problem statement, purpose, research question, theoretical or conceptual framework
or both, nature of the study, definitions, assumptions, scope and delimitations, limitations, and
significance (Walden University, n.d.). Although, Hill introduced the research through the
background, purpose, and definitions the remainder of the components were not included in the
introductory chapter. The author provided a thorough description of the theoretical framework
and reason for the decision which is reflective of the dissertation checklist as outlined by Walden
University standards. Furthermore, the author achieved the standard for the literature review with
key variables and concepts. However, the literature search strategy was not provided within the
second chapter as anticipated. The author achieved the standards for the methodology chapter;
although, the information was in a varied order and detail depth than as recommended by
Walden University Mixed Methods Dissertation Checklist (n.d.). In the final chapter the
interpretation of findings did not provide the analysis in the context of the theoretical framework
while the information was reviewed through the conceptual framework. Additionally, the
recommendation for future research grounded in the strengths and limitations of the study and
literature review was not included; although, there were program recommendations provided.
The study met many of the standards for mixed methods research while various components as
recommended by the Walden University Mixed Methods Dissertation Checklist were not
included which impacted the overall quality of the knowledge.
Quality Standards
The study by Hill (2010) did not meet the quality standards of the Comprehensive
Framework for Assessment Quality of Mixed Methods Research as proposed by O’Cathain
(2010) and outlined in Plano Clark and Ivankova (2016). The eight domains assess quality
throughout the study design, implementation, and dissemination with planning quality, design
quality, data quality, interpretive rigor, inference transferability, reporting quality,
synthesizability, and utility (Plano Clark & Ivankova, 2016). The study met the planning and
design quality while the remaining domains were not completely realized. Additionally, the
study did not achieve the Guidance for Good Reporting of a Mixed Methods Study (GRAMMS)
through the relation of the methods integration and limitations as well as insights gleaned from
the mixed methods approach as outlined by O’Cathain and colleagues (Plano Clark & Ivankova,
2016). Quality will be impacted by the data sources and data collection methods (Stewart &
Hitchcock, 2020) which Hill experienced through inconsistency of kinship caregiver report
within the qualitative phases. Furthermore, the insights obtained from mixed methods analysis
are based on the rationale for the approach, philosophy, data types, data analysis types, sequence
of the analysis, interaction between quantitative and qualitative analysis, priority of analytical
components, number of phases, link to additional design components, phase of the research
process for the analysis decisions, type of generalization, and analysis orientation (Munce &
Onwuegbuzie, 2020). While the study by Hill (2010) met numerous quality standards throughout
the research process there were challenges as well.
Conclusion
The study provided knowledge of kinship care providers plight in relationship to social
support, resources, and health which facilitated social change. However, the potential and
realization of social change was not addressed within the study results. Although, there were
concerns for quality overall the study achieved many of the mixed methods standards which
continue to be adjusted and updated based on experience with the approach. Overall, the study
advanced knowledge and increased the awareness of kinship care providers plight and impact of
social support and resources on their health.
References
Hill, T. L. (2010). Child kinship care: An exploratory mixed methods study of social support,
resources, and health issues of Nebraska child kinship caregivers (Order No. 3403096).
ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (305216480).
https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/child-kinship-care-exploratorymixed-methods/docview/305216480/se-2?accountid=14872
Munce, S. E. P., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2020). Mixed methods analysis. In Burkholder, G. J.,
Cox, K. A., Crawford, L. M., & Hitchcock, J. H. (Eds.). Research designs and
methods: An applied guide for the scholar-practitioner. (pp. 129–143). Sage.
Plano Clark. V. L., & Ivankova, N. V. (2016). Mixed methods research: A guide to the
field. Sage.
Walden University Office of Research and Doctoral Services. (n.d.). Mixed Methods
Dissertation Checklist. http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/researchcetner/osra/phd
Answer the professor based on my discussion 2 references APA
Great, Joann. What are 3 key takeaway points that you would say you learned from
reviewing this study?
Kelly
DISCUSSION 2
Respond to your colleagues in one of the following ways:
Expand on the ideas offered.
• Offer a different perspective.
• Explain insights you have gained based on the comments made by your
colleagues.
Offered some praise and also different perspective or constructive critics’
•
2-3 references APA citation 150 words or more
Kim
Mixed Methods Dissertation Study
Hill (2010) completed an exploratory sequential three phase mixed methods study to
examine the relationship between social support and resources of kinship caregivers and their
health. The author utilized
qualitative data from case studies, file reviews, and observations in
the first two phases to guide the quantitative portion of the study. The multiple forms of data
were collected, analyzed, and integrated to answer the overall research question: What are the
issues related to the social support, resources, and health needs of child kinship caregivers? while
additional research questions were formulated for reach phase of the study (Hill, 2010). The
ecological model and biopsychosocial model were utilized for the theoretical framework to study
the complexity of kinship caregivers social support, resources, and health (Hill, 2010); although,
not explicitly stated the concepts formed the conceptual framework. The data revealed a
connection between the kinship caregiver access and utilization of resources and their health
along with validation of prior research results. Overall, the study provided a wealth of knowledge
to advocate for kinship caregivers and the children entrusted into their care.
Mixed Methods Research Standards
The dissertation by Hill (2010) met many of the mixed methods research standards while
there were noted opportunities for improvement as well. The study did not include the complete
introductory chapter as outlined in the Walden University Mixed Methods Dissertation
Checklist. The introductory chapter details the introduction to the research which includes the
background, problem statement, purpose, research question, theoretical or conceptual framework
or both, nature of the study, definitions, assumptions, scope and delimitations, limitations, and
significance (Walden University, n.d.). Although, Hill introduced the research through the
background, purpose, and definitions the remainder of the components were not included in the
introductory chapter. The author provided a thorough description of the theoretical framework
and reason for the decision which is reflective of the dissertation checklist as outlined by Walden
University standards. Furthermore, the author achieved the standard for the literature review with
key variables and concepts. However, the literature search strategy was not provided within the
second chapter as anticipated. The author achieved the standards for the methodology chapter;
although, the information was in a varied order and detail depth than as recommended by
Walden University Mixed Methods Dissertation Checklist (n.d.). In the final chapter the
interpretation of findings did not provide the analysis in the context of the theoretical framework
while the information was reviewed through the conceptual framework. Additionally, the
recommendation for future research grounded in the strengths and limitations of the study and
literature review was not included; although, there were program recommendations provided.
The study met many of the standards for mixed methods research while various components as
recommended by the Walden University Mixed Methods Dissertation Checklist were not
included which impacted the overall quality of the knowledge.
Quality Standards
The study by Hill (2010) did not meet the quality standards of the Comprehensive
Framework for Assessment Quality of Mixed Methods Research as proposed by O’Cathain
(2010) and outlined in Plano Clark and Ivankova (2016). The eight domains assess quality
throughout the study design, implementation, and dissemination with planning quality, design
quality, data quality, interpretive rigor, inference transferability, reporting quality,
synthesizability, and utility (Plano Clark & Ivankova, 2016). The study met the planning and
design quality while the remaining domains were not completely realized. Additionally, the
study did not achieve the Guidance for Good Reporting of a Mixed Methods Study (GRAMMS)
through the relation of the methods integration and limitations as well as insights gleaned from
the mixed methods approach as outlined by O’Cathain and colleagues (Plano Clark & Ivankova,
2016). Quality will be impacted by the data sources and data collection methods (Stewart &
Hitchcock, 2020) which Hill experienced through inconsistency of kinship caregiver report
within the qualitative phases. Furthermore, the insights obtained from mixed methods analysis
are based on the rationale for the approach, philosophy, data types, data analysis types, sequence
of the analysis, interaction between quantitative and qualitative analysis, priority of analytical
components, number of phases, link to additional design components, phase of the research
process for the analysis decisions, type of generalization, and analysis orientation (Munce &
Onwuegbuzie, 2020). While the study by Hill (2010) met numerous quality standards throughout
the research process there were challenges as well.
Conclusion
The study provided knowledge of kinship care providers plight in relationship to social
support, resources, and health which facilitated social change. However, the potential and
realization of social change was not addressed within the study results. Although, there were
concerns for quality overall the study achieved many of the mixed methods standards which
continue to be adjusted and updated based on experience with the approach. Overall, the study
advanced knowledge and increased the awareness of kinship care providers plight and impact of
social support and resources on their health.
References
Hill, T. L. (2010). Child kinship care: An exploratory mixed methods study of social support,
resources, and health issues of Nebraska child kinship caregivers (Order No. 3403096).
ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (305216480).
https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/child-kinship-care-exploratorymixed-methods/docview/305216480/se-2?accountid=14872
Munce, S. E. P., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2020). Mixed methods analysis. In Burkholder, G. J.,
Cox, K. A., Crawford, L. M., & Hitchcock, J. H. (Eds.). Research designs and
methods: An applied guide for the scholar-practitioner. (pp. 129–143). Sage.
Plano Clark. V. L., & Ivankova, N. V. (2016). Mixed methods research: A guide to the
field. Sage.
Walden University Office of Research and Doctoral Services. (n.d.). Mixed Methods
Dissertation Checklist. http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/researchcetner/osra/phd
Answer the professor based on my discussion 2 references APA
Great, Joann. What are 3 key takeaway points that you would say you learned from
reviewing this study?
Kelly
Professor question based on my discussion 150 words with 2 references APA
Joann: Social marketing is often used to attempt to change behavioral norms (from
behaviors that result in adverse health outcomes to those that result in positive
outcomes.) What specific behavioral norms would be targeted for DB
management?
Please use the information below to answer the replies
Respond to at least one of your colleagues’ posts. Provide a substantive reply in
one or more of the following ways:
• Offer a different perspective regarding whether a tool is social marketing or
social media.
• Offer another strength or limitation of using social media to disseminate
information.
• Offer insight you gained this week on the use of these tools that builds on a
colleague’s post.
Be sure to support your posts and responses with specific references to the
Learning Resources and the current literature
Fred
A public health professional should know the appropriate type(s) of marketing for various
public health programs. A factor that determines the choice of marketing is the target audience
and the public health program’s objectives. The targeted market will guide the public health
official in identifying appropriate tools. For example, Facebook is a proper marketing tool for the
general demographics (Shawky et al., 2019). The objective(s) of the public health program also
determines the type of marketing tool(s) to use. A public health issue requires a marketing tool
available and accessible by every person. Mobile health is probably an efficient tool because
almost everyone owns a mobile phone.
Social marketing and social media share similarities and also differ in multiple ways.
Social media is a communication platform. For example, people can communicate and network
with each other using Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram (Shawky et al., 2019). Marketers use
social media techniques to advertise and promote their products. On the contrary, social
marketing is a technique used to transform or change an individual’s behaviors for everyone’s
common good. For instance, the government uses television ads to persuade passengers and car
drivers to use seatbelts whenever they are in transit. The use of persuasion comes in handy when
trying to change people’s behaviors from not using seatbelts to making use of them. The
similarity between the two terminologies is that both are marketing tools and inseparable
(Shawky et al., 2019). Social marketing relies on the efficiency of social media tools to relay the
intended message to the target market.
One potential strength of using social media tools is the capacity to reach a large
audience in real-time. For instance, statistics show that in 2021, the number of active Facebook
users was 1.93 billion daily (Shawky et al., 2019). Nonetheless, a potential limitation associated
with social media tools is message distortion. In my public health program (SPP), social
marketing may greatly help address the value of insurance cover as one way of fighting poverty.
Reference
Shawky, S., Kubacki, K., Dietrich, T., & Weaven, S. (2019). Using social media to create
engagement: A social marketing review. Journal of Social Marketing, 9(2), 204224. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSOCM-05-2018-0046
Bernadette
RE: Discussion – Week 6
Similarities and Differences Between Social Marketing and Social Media and
Example
Social marketing and social media have been used interchangeably on specific platforms. While
there are similarities, there are differences between the two terms. Social marketing is an
approach aimed at influencing and changing peoples’ behaviors through developing activities
for the benefit of individuals and society (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC],
n.d.). Social media is a communication technology that facilitates sharing content,
communication campaigns, and messaging (CDC, 2011). A singular difference is social media is
the communication method, and social marketing uses principles and tactics to increase
awareness of an issue. A similarity is they work together to get a message, content, campaign,
and information to the masses or a specific group regarding a topic. They complement each
other in marketing as the compelling message and media is the platform through which the
message is driven. An example of social media is the platforms of Twitter, Facebook, TikTok,
Instagram, and Snapchat, to name a few, which are tools to convey information. An example of
social marketing is a campaign targeting individuals and/or specific groups for being active
through exercising. In the social marketing example, the campaign is exercising and being
active.
Strength and Limitation Of Using Social Media Tools To Disseminate
Information
A strength of social media is the number of people a message can reach; there are large
audiences on various platforms. In 2022 it has been recorded that 58.4% of the world’s
population is on social media, which equates to approximately 4.62 billion people (Chaffey,
2022). In the last year, 424 million new users have joined online platforms (Chaffey, 2022).
There is an extreme possibility many people will view a public health program message. On the
other hand, because there are so many messages and content, a downside is that people do
not always watch or read the information. The public health program may miss the mark in
getting its target audience to view its message. Various platforms analyze views, followers, and
subscribers so you can track the success of reaching a specific population or many people.
However, the amount of time spent on social media to capture your audience’s attention is
time-consuming; a program must have a strategy to disseminate and garner watch hours from
the target audience.
Use Social Marketing In Public Health Program (SPP)
The SPP is increasing mental health awareness and utilization. There are several ways to use
social marketing in a public health program. The marketing message/information will remain
consistent with increasing awareness of using mental health services by reducing the associated
stigma. The project will use TikTok, Facebook, and YouTube to disseminate the message of the
importance of using mental health services and increasing awareness. TikTok will be used for
small /quick and informative videos, lasting a maximum of 1 minute with
#mentalhealthawareness to target the younger audience. The Facebook posts will be longer
with empowerment conversations surrounding mental health. The Youtube videos will be
longer videos giving mental health awareness tips with positive affirmations, videos of people
simulating therapy sessions, and coping mechanisms. The different social media platforms will
be used to convey social marketing messages about mental health.
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Building our understanding: Social
marketing on a dime using social media to do more with less. Retrieved
https://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dch/programs/healthycommunitiesprogram/tools/pdf/s
ocial_marketing.pdf
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of the Associate Director for
Communication. (2011). The health communicator’s social media toolkit. Retrieved from
http://www.cdc.gov/socialmedia/Tools/guidelines/pdf/SocialMediaToolkit_BM.pdf
Chaffey, D. (2022). Global social media statistics research summary 2022. Retrieved
https://www.smartinsights.com/social-media-marketing/social-media-strategy/newglobal-social-media-research/
Rene
Social Marketing and Social Media
According to Abroms (2019), the term social media refers to the means of
interactions among people in which they create, share, and/or exchange information and
ideas in virtual communities and networks. in some cases, to collaborate with other users
in real-time. It is the internet-based form of communication that allows individuals and
communities to gather and communicate; to share information, ideas, personal messages,
images, and other content; and, in some cases, to collaborate with other users in realtime. Social media platforms allow users to have conversations, share information, and
create web content, (Abroms, 2019). It is one of the biggest tools designed for people who
interact with each other and share their ideas, information, and content. There are many
forms of social media, including Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, social networking sites,
photo-sharing sites, instant messaging, video-sharing sites, podcasts, widgets, virtual
worlds, and more.
Social marketing is an approach used to develop activities aimed at changing or
maintaining people’s behavior for the benefit of individuals and society. According to
the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention [CDC] (nd), social marketing is a “process
that applies marketing principles and techniques to create, communicate and deliver value
to influence an audience to change their behavior for the sake of social benefits such as
improving health, preventing injuries, protecting the environment, or contributing to the
community. For example, the antitobacco campaign to reduce smoking, (Smith, 2006).
Social media is a platform that facilitates interaction and can be used to create
effective social marketing campaigns to influence human behavior for the community’s
enhancement, (Abroms, 2019).
Explanation of one potential strength and one potential
limitation of using social media tools to disseminate information
about public health programs
One potential strength of using social media tools to disseminate information about
public health programs is its potential to enhance the speed at which communication is
sent and received during public health programs. Social media offers new ways of
conducting public health surveillance and disseminating public health information,
especially among those difficult to reach, (Giustini et al.2018).
Social media platforms are low-cost tools that can be used to address issues in
public health, especially in countries where health-related institutions experience
economic limitations, (Smith, 2006). If utilized effectively, social media has the potential to
improve the way public health agencies engage, interact, and communicate with their
various audiences. Specifically, social media are technologies that facilitate opportunities
for engaging with the audience, and for creating and maintaining relationships, (Smith,
2006).
Potential limitation
One of the potential limitations of using social media tools to disseminate
information about public health programs is that social media may expose individuals to
misinformation. According to Giustini et al.2018, experts have studied big data in online
search and social media with many reports highlighting surges in online
misinformation. Poor quality online sources have drowned out official advisories
with fake and potentially harmful information. This presents major health concerns
given the public’s difficulty in differentiating reliable from unreliable sources of
information, even among individuals with good baseline health literacy (Giustini et
al.2018).
Explanation of how I might use social marketing in my public health program (SPP)
My SPP is basically on improving HIV/AIDs. The goals are:
Goal 1: Improve HIV/AIDS screening in the Bronx in 1 year. This can be done by
providing free insurance coverage to the Bronx community, free home tests, and free
education
Goal2: Improve awareness of covered services and HIV/AIDS among the Bronx
community in the Bronx in 1 year.
Goal: 3 Provide free HIV/AIDS self-testing to all the hospital’s visitors
in the Bronx in 9 months. This will be accomplished by distributing free HIV
self-testing.
I might use social media, such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram to
educate and provide or post information on HIV/AIDS screening and make
people aware of covered services available. Also, I would disseminate
information on how to get free HIV self-testing, free insurance coverage,
and what website to use to get access to free insurance coverage.
References
Abroms LC. Public Health in the Era of Social Media. Am J Public Health. 2019
https://doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2018.304947
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] (nd). Social Networking and social media.
https://www.cdc.gov.socialmedia.tools/socialnetworking.html
Giustini D, Ali SM, Fraser M, Kamel Boulos MN. (2018). Effective uses of social media in public
health
and
medicine:
a
systematic
review
reviews. https://doi:10.5210/ojphi. v10i2.8270. PMID: 30349633
Smith WA. Social marketing: an overview of approach and effects. (2006).
https:// doi: 10.1136/ip.2006.012864. PMID: 16788110
of
systematic
Professor question based on my discussion 150 words with 2 references APA
Joann: Social marketing is often used to attempt to change behavioral norms (from
behaviors that result in adverse health outcomes to those that result in positive
outcomes.) What specific behavioral norms would be targeted for DB
management?
Please use the information below to answer the replies
Respond to at least one of your colleagues’ posts. Provide a substantive reply in
one or more of the following ways:
• Offer a different perspective regarding whether a tool is social marketing or
social media.
• Offer another strength or limitation of using social media to disseminate
information.
• Offer insight you gained this week on the use of these tools that builds on a
colleague’s post.
Be sure to support your posts and responses with specific references to the
Learning Resources and the current literature
Fred
A public health professional should know the appropriate type(s) of marketing for various
public health programs. A factor that determines the choice of marketing is the target audience
and the public health program’s objectives. The targeted market will guide the public health
official in identifying appropriate tools. For example, Facebook is a proper marketing tool for the
general demographics (Shawky et al., 2019). The objective(s) of the public health program also
determines the type of marketing tool(s) to use. A public health issue requires a marketing tool
available and accessible by every person. Mobile health is probably an efficient tool because
almost everyone owns a mobile phone.
Social marketing and social media share similarities and also differ in multiple ways.
Social media is a communication platform. For example, people can communicate and network
with each other using Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram (Shawky et al., 2019). Marketers use
social media techniques to advertise and promote their products. On the contrary, social
marketing is a technique used to transform or change an individual’s behaviors for everyone’s
common good. For instance, the government uses television ads to persuade passengers and car
drivers to use seatbelts whenever they are in transit. The use of persuasion comes in handy when
trying to change people’s behaviors from not using seatbelts to making use of them. The
similarity between the two terminologies is that both are marketing tools and inseparable
(Shawky et al., 2019). Social marketing relies on the efficiency of social media tools to relay the
intended message to the target market.
One potential strength of using social media tools is the capacity to reach a large
audience in real-time. For instance, statistics show that in 2021, the number of active Facebook
users was 1.93 billion daily (Shawky et al., 2019). Nonetheless, a potential limitation associated
with social media tools is message distortion. In my public health program (SPP), social
marketing may greatly help address the value of insurance cover as one way of fighting poverty.
Reference
Shawky, S., Kubacki, K., Dietrich, T., & Weaven, S. (2019). Using social media to create
engagement: A social marketing review. Journal of Social Marketing, 9(2), 204224. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSOCM-05-2018-0046
Bernadette
RE: Discussion – Week 6
Similarities and Differences Between Social Marketing and Social Media and
Example
Social marketing and social media have been used interchangeably on specific platforms. While
there are similarities, there are differences between the two terms. Social marketing is an
approach aimed at influencing and changing peoples’ behaviors through developing activities
for the benefit of individuals and society (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC],
n.d.). Social media is a communication technology that facilitates sharing content,
communication campaigns, and messaging (CDC, 2011). A singular difference is social media is
the communication method, and social marketing uses principles and tactics to increase
awareness of an issue. A similarity is they work together to get a message, content, campaign,
and information to the masses or a specific group regarding a topic. They complement each
other in marketing as the compelling message and media is the platform through which the
message is driven. An example of social media is the platforms of Twitter, Facebook, TikTok,
Instagram, and Snapchat, to name a few, which are tools to convey information. An example of
social marketing is a campaign targeting individuals and/or specific groups for being active
through exercising. In the social marketing example, the campaign is exercising and being
active.
Strength and Limitation Of Using Social Media Tools To Disseminate
Information
A strength of social media is the number of people a message can reach; there are large
audiences on various platforms. In 2022 it has been recorded that 58.4% of the world’s
population is on social media, which equates to approximately 4.62 billion people (Chaffey,
2022). In the last year, 424 million new users have joined online platforms (Chaffey, 2022).
There is an extreme possibility many people will view a public health program message. On the
other hand, because there are so many messages and content, a downside is that people do
not always watch or read the information. The public health program may miss the mark in
getting its target audience to view its message. Various platforms analyze views, followers, and
subscribers so you can track the success of reaching a specific population or many people.
However, the amount of time spent on social media to capture your audience’s attention is
time-consuming; a program must have a strategy to disseminate and garner watch hours from
the target audience.
Use Social Marketing In Public Health Program (SPP)
The SPP is increasing mental health awareness and utilization. There are several ways to use
social marketing in a public health program. The marketing message/information will remain
consistent with increasing awareness of using mental health services by reducing the associated
stigma. The project will use TikTok, Facebook, and YouTube to disseminate the message of the
importance of using mental health services and increasing awareness. TikTok will be used for
small /quick and informative videos, lasting a maximum of 1 minute with
#mentalhealthawareness to target the younger audience. The Facebook posts will be longer
with empowerment conversations surrounding mental health. The Youtube videos will be
longer videos giving mental health awareness tips with positive affirmations, videos of people
simulating therapy sessions, and coping mechanisms. The different social media platforms will
be used to convey social marketing messages about mental health.
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Building our understanding: Social
marketing on a dime using social media to do more with less. Retrieved
https://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dch/programs/healthycommunitiesprogram/tools/pdf/s
ocial_marketing.pdf
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of the Associate Director for
Communication. (2011). The health communicator’s social media toolkit. Retrieved from
http://www.cdc.gov/socialmedia/Tools/guidelines/pdf/SocialMediaToolkit_BM.pdf
Chaffey, D. (2022). Global social media statistics research summary 2022. Retrieved
https://www.smartinsights.com/social-media-marketing/social-media-strategy/newglobal-social-media-research/
Rene
Social Marketing and Social Media
According to Abroms (2019), the term social media refers to the means of
interactions among people in which they create, share, and/or exchange information and
ideas in virtual communities and networks. in some cases, to collaborate with other users
in real-time. It is the internet-based form of communication that allows individuals and
communities to gather and communicate; to share information, ideas, personal messages,
images, and other content; and, in some cases, to collaborate with other users in realtime. Social media platforms allow users to have conversations, share information, and
create web content, (Abroms, 2019). It is one of the biggest tools designed for people who
interact with each other and share their ideas, information, and content. There are many
forms of social media, including Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, social networking sites,
photo-sharing sites, instant messaging, video-sharing sites, podcasts, widgets, virtual
worlds, and more.
Social marketing is an approach used to develop activities aimed at changing or
maintaining people’s behavior for the benefit of individuals and society. According to
the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention [CDC] (nd), social marketing is a “process
that applies marketing principles and techniques to create, communicate and deliver value
to influence an audience to change their behavior for the sake of social benefits such as
improving health, preventing injuries, protecting the environment, or contributing to the
community. For example, the antitobacco campaign to reduce smoking, (Smith, 2006).
Social media is a platform that facilitates interaction and can be used to create
effective social marketing campaigns to influence human behavior for the community’s
enhancement, (Abroms, 2019).
Explanation of one potential strength and one potential
limitation of using social media tools to disseminate information
about public health programs
One potential strength of using social media tools to disseminate information about
public health programs is its potential to enhance the speed at which communication is
sent and received during public health programs. Social media offers new ways of
conducting public health surveillance and disseminating public health information,
especially among those difficult to reach, (Giustini et al.2018).
Social media platforms are low-cost tools that can be used to address issues in
public health, especially in countries where health-related institutions experience
economic limitations, (Smith, 2006). If utilized effectively, social media has the potential to
improve the way public health agencies engage, interact, and communicate with their
various audiences. Specifically, social media are technologies that facilitate opportunities
for engaging with the audience, and for creating and maintaining relationships, (Smith,
2006).
Potential limitation
One of the potential limitations of using social media tools to disseminate
information about public health programs is that social media may expose individuals to
misinformation. According to Giustini et al.2018, experts have studied big data in online
search and social media with many reports highlighting surges in online
misinformation. Poor quality online sources have drowned out official advisories
with fake and potentially harmful information. This presents major health concerns
given the public’s difficulty in differentiating reliable from unreliable sources of
information, even among individuals with good baseline health literacy (Giustini et
al.2018).
Explanation of how I might use social marketing in my public health program (SPP)
My SPP is basically on improving HIV/AIDs. The goals are:
Goal 1: Improve HIV/AIDS screening in the Bronx in 1 year. This can be done by
providing free insurance coverage to the Bronx community, free home tests, and free
education
Goal2: Improve awareness of covered services and HIV/AIDS among the Bronx
community in the Bronx in 1 year.
Goal: 3 Provide free HIV/AIDS self-testing to all the hospital’s visitors
in the Bronx in 9 months. This will be accomplished by distributing free HIV
self-testing.
I might use social media, such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram to
educate and provide or post information on HIV/AIDS screening and make
people aware of covered services available. Also, I would disseminate
information on how to get free HIV self-testing, free insurance coverage,
and what website to use to get access to free insurance coverage.
References
Abroms LC. Public Health in the Era of Social Media. Am J Public Health. 2019
https://doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2018.304947
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] (nd). Social Networking and social media.
https://www.cdc.gov.socialmedia.tools/socialnetworking.html
Giustini D, Ali SM, Fraser M, Kamel Boulos MN. (2018). Effective uses of social media in public
health
and
medicine:
a
systematic
review
reviews. https://doi:10.5210/ojphi. v10i2.8270. PMID: 30349633
Smith WA. Social marketing: an overview of approach and effects. (2006).
https:// doi: 10.1136/ip.2006.012864. PMID: 16788110
of
systematic