all the documents are attached below. you will need to have google earth to answer couple of the questions.
Name:
Lab 5
Climate Change and Geomorphology
Part 1: Milankovitch Cycles/Ice Cores
Follow the link (http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/wxfest/Milankovitch/earthorbit.html) to an interactive
plugin for visualizing Milankovitch cycles.
1. What are the three orbital parameters that drive Milankovitch cycles? Explain each of
them.
2. Explain how the Milankovitch cycles can cause glacial and interglacial cycles
3. What is the Vostok Ice Core? What data do we get from it?
(some helpful links: https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2616/core-questions-an-introduction-to-icecores/ ; https://www.e-education.psu.edu/earth104/node/1267)
4. How do the Vostok Ice Core and Milankovitch cycles compare?
5. Download the Vostok ice core data from canvas and plot both the ice age and gas age as a
function of core depth. Screenshot the plots and turn in with this document.
a. What is the ice age at a depth of 800 m?
b. At what depth is the gas age closest to 130kya (About the end of the Illinoian
Glaciation)?
c. How much younger is a gas bubble than the surrounding ice at a depth of 1000m?
6. Does age increase or decrease with depth of the ice core?
7. Does the thickness of an annual layer of ice increase or decrease with depth in the ice
core? Why?
8. Explain the isotopic signatures of water (specifically oxygen) and how they change
during glacial and interglacial periods.
Part 2 Glacial vs. non-glacial terrain:
Go to Google Earth and look up the following location: 9.325131° N, -83.271614°
9. Describe the drainage pattern you see at this location.
Now, Go to 61.349418° N, -147.501074°
10. Describe the drainage pattern you see at this location (note: think about the pattern
underneath the glaciers)
11. Are these drainage patterns similar or different if there were no ice?
Now, make two elevation profiles, one across a glacier in Alaska, and one across one of the river
valleys around the area from Question 9. in Costa Rica. Include them in this document as
screenshots with the elevation profile shown.
12. Compare and contrast the elevation profiles you took
13. Based on your findings in Questions 12, which location would have a higher erosion rate
– glacial terrain or fluvial terrain?
Part 3: Critical Thinking (5 points)
14. Thinking about the information in the rest of this lab – compare and contrast interglacial
and glacial cycles on the basis of erosion potential in an area. Be sure to include
temperature variability in your answer (hint: how does temperature affect rainfall?).
depth (m) ice_age (kyr) gas_age (kyr) delta D (permille) CO2 (ppmv) dust (10^-9 cm^3 g^-1)
130
4.26
1.9
-438.94
274
6.58
140
4.66
2.28
-435.94
273.07
12.42
150
5.06
2.66
-439.72
272.14
11
160
5.45
3.04
-441.88
271.22
7.47
170
5.85
3.41
-434.77
270.29
6.13
180
6.27
3.82
-440.36
268.39
11.57
190
6.7
4.25
-441.26
266.06
10.33
200
7.14
4.67
-423.85
263.73
15
210
7.57
5.09
-438.79
261.4
15.48
220
8.01
5.52
-438.94
259.06
15.95
230
8.44
5.94
-435.7
256.73
16.75
240
8.87
6.36
-434.32
254.4
10.25
250
9.31
6.79
-439.38
252.07
12
260
9.76
7.23
-435.64
255.09
16.75
270
10.24
7.68
-443.25
257.22
19.29
280
10.74
8.13
-454.11
257.77
12
290
11.24
8.58
-460.28
258.31
30
300
11.74
9.02
-458.56
258.86
16
310
12.32
9.52
-451.23
257.58
13
320
12.94
10.04
-461.94
255.66
34
330
13.55
10.56
-470.88
253.75
68
340
14.17
11.08
-476.82
251.83
161.5
350
14.78
11.6
-483.99
249.91
255
360
15.39
12.12
-489.57
247.99
325.91
370
16.01
12.64
-494.94
246.07
247.55
380
16.69
13.22
-488.96
240.5
484
390
17.48
13.87
-496.59
230.26
436.5
400
18.26
14.52
-493.46
220.02
389
410
19.05
15.18
-493.2
209.79
522.14
420
19.83
15.83
-498.63
199.55
347.86
430
20.63
16.54
-494.72
193.11
603.33
440
21.45
17.34
-495.59
193.43
668.43
450
22.28
18.15
-487.49
193.74
267
460
23.11
18.95
-490.4
194.05
364
470
23.93
19.75
-491.81
194.37
518.79
480
24.76
20.58
-496.94
195.13
461.71
490
25.6
21.42
-489.53
196.21
263.47
500
26.43
22.27
-484.69
197.29
166
510
27.27
23.11
-494.34
198.37
303.45
520
28.1
23.96
-488.52
199.45
289.82
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
600
610
620
630
640
650
660
670
680
690
700
710
720
730
740
750
760
770
780
790
800
810
820
830
840
850
860
870
880
890
900
910
920
930
28.93
29.74
30.56
31.38
32.19
33
33.79
34.59
35.37
36.16
36.94
37.71
38.48
39.24
40.01
40.77
41.53
42.3
43.06
43.82
44.58
45.34
46.1
46.85
47.61
48.36
49.1
49.85
50.6
51.34
52.09
52.84
53.58
54.35
55.12
55.9
56.69
57.49
58.3
59.11
59.94
24.81
25.66
26.51
27.36
28.21
29.05
29.89
30.72
31.53
32.35
33.15
33.95
34.74
35.52
36.3
37.08
37.86
38.64
39.4
40.16
40.92
41.68
42.44
43.2
43.96
44.71
45.47
46.22
46.97
47.72
48.47
49.21
49.96
50.71
51.45
52.2
52.95
53.7
54.47
55.25
56.04
-492.44
-485.11
-489.15
-483.53
-474.11
-476.61
-486.59
-484.11
-481.41
-483.57
-479.8
-481.06
-480.87
-471.56
-477.47
-475.69
-484.76
-483.23
-485.28
-483.45
-481.96
-478.73
-477.7
-476.01
-478.26
-475.4
-479.26
-474.86
-483.58
-480.83
-472.77
-468.12
-464.16
-471.32
-475.98
-475.27
-480.92
-484.89
-488.53
-480.97
-490.14
199.81
199.41
199.02
198.63
198.24
201.8
211.31
220.81
217.71
210.85
207.51
208.66
209.82
209.48
208.87
208.25
207.63
207.02
201.24
195.3
189.37
183.43
179.86
187.85
195.84
201.49
204.6
207.7
206.42
205.15
203.87
202.6
201.32
201
201
204.78
211.41
218.04
217.91
215.88
213.48
266
232
198
133.2
68.4
71.26
136.91
241
104.48
88.83
85.83
80.42
75
88.13
92.71
74.35
75.22
187
135.75
119.92
99.8
75.4
51
62.75
40.25
114.18
95.09
76
78.33
101.67
82.42
83.25
58
172.58
287.17
187.63
188.88
151
251.42
351.83
315.71
940
950
960
970
980
990
1000
1010
1020
1030
1040
1050
1060
1070
1080
1090
1100
1110
1120
1130
1140
1150
1160
1170
1180
1190
1200
1210
1220
1230
1240
1250
1260
1270
1280
1290
1300
1310
1320
1330
1340
60.78
61.63
62.5
63.38
64.26
65.13
66.01
66.88
67.74
68.59
69.43
70.27
71.1
71.93
72.75
73.57
74.39
75.19
75.99
76.79
77.58
78.37
79.15
79.93
80.7
81.47
82.24
83.01
83.78
84.55
85.33
86.1
86.88
87.65
88.43
89.21
89.99
90.78
91.56
92.35
93.15
56.84
57.65
58.47
59.3
60.14
61
61.86
62.75
63.65
64.54
65.43
66.33
67.2
68.07
68.94
69.79
70.65
71.49
72.34
73.17
74
74.83
75.64
76.45
77.26
78.06
78.85
79.65
80.45
81.22
81.96
82.71
83.52
84.35
85.16
85.95
86.74
87.53
88.32
89.12
89.91
-491.61
-493.53
-487.73
-489.51
-479.63
-483.98
-483.4
-477.96
-483.63
-485.65
-484.76
-477.23
-469.15
-476.41
-486.42
-477.34
-481.76
-476.22
-467.38
-465.7
-461.74
-466.86
-462.17
-466.88
-462.45
-455.84
-461.33
-465.61
-468.4
-468.79
-466.15
-473.96
-479.73
-477.95
-470.28
-475.39
-471.17
-464.77
-471.4
-469.84
-466.57
210.29
207.11
204.63
202.32
199.56
196.2
192.84
192.36
192.83
195.81
200.14
204.46
212.63
222
229.73
235.93
242.13
239.98
236.47
233.93
232.1
229.95
225.77
221.59
219.8
220.39
220.98
221.57
222.16
224.42
228.88
233.33
228.31
221.61
216.76
213.26
210.35
215.3
220.26
222.77
224.47
381.13
299
246.44
437.56
237.5
126
25
36
50.5
48.5
80.29
41
36
31
38.54
55.63
93
100.92
108.83
65.5
42.5
89
63.17
37.33
23.63
24.88
31
33.08
35.17
44.33
61
83
67.17
51.33
60.5
85.5
95
67.08
39.17
36.42
27.25
1350
1360
1370
1380
1390
1400
1410
1420
1430
1440
1450
1460
1470
1480
1490
1500
1510
1520
1530
1540
1550
1560
1570
1580
1590
1600
1610
1620
1630
1640
1650
1660
1670
1680
1690
1700
1710
1720
1730
1740
1750
93.94
94.73
95.53
96.33
97.13
97.93
98.74
99.55
100.38
101.23
102.08
102.97
103.87
104.78
105.71
106.65
107.64
108.62
109.6
110.57
111.53
112.45
113.37
114.27
115.15
116.02
116.85
117.68
118.5
119.29
120.09
120.85
121.61
122.36
123.1
123.83
124.54
125.25
125.95
126.65
127.34
90.71
91.51
92.31
93.12
93.93
94.74
95.55
96.36
97.18
98
98.83
99.67
100.52
101.39
102.28
103.17
104.1
105.03
105.98
106.96
107.95
108.97
109.98
110.97
111.93
112.88
113.79
114.7
115.59
116.46
117.32
118.15
118.97
119.78
120.57
121.36
122.12
122.87
123.61
124.33
125.04
-468.47
-472
-470.42
-464.69
-465.83
-465.48
-463.17
-459.69
-457.24
-460.89
-468.1
-466.45
-469.43
-466.93
-468.74
-469.11
-484.17
-481.53
-479.63
-476.4
-478.78
-480.79
-479.64
-473.94
-468.3
-468.07
-460.36
-458.29
-451.61
-452.02
-448.9
-447.81
-448.1
-447.17
-441.91
-442.83
-436.6
-438.57
-443.29
-439.33
-434.71
226.31
229.41
232.51
232.59
229.88
227.18
229.6
233.73
234.1
229.87
225.63
226.38
228.01
230.58
234.62
238.44
236.94
235.44
236.2
240.79
242.88
239.16
235.43
234.87
237.72
242.53
255.16
267.79
275.36
273.52
271.68
274.51
277.86
278.75
275.28
271.81
269.32
266.93
265.96
268.01
270.06
17
24.52
28.43
13.48
42.17
56
54.75
53.5
55.46
78.38
72
73.91
37.55
27.87
40.04
39
35.17
36.48
26.35
27.22
17
10.26
17.22
22.71
23.89
32
13.4
16.43
27.86
10
23
33.6
17
24.43
30.1
5
7
58
22.88
16
48
1760
1770
1780
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830
1840
1850
1860
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
128.04
128.74
129.44
130.15
130.86
131.57
132.29
133.01
133.74
134.47
135.24
136
136.8
137.64
138.49
139.43
140.4
141.39
142.49
143.61
144.89
146.18
147.58
149.11
150.67
152.35
154.02
155.7
157.38
159.05
160.73
125.76
126.48
127.19
127.9
128.61
129.33
130.05
130.78
131.51
132.24
132.99
133.73
134.48
135.25
136.02
136.86
137.72
138.61
139.58
140.57
141.68
142.78
143.98
145.29
146.65
148.23
149.8
151.45
153.18
154.92
156.65
-436.55
-435.07
-437.07
-435.33
-430.06
-425.54
-427.15
-420.98
-428.51
-440.89
-430.44
-437.21
-442.66
-454.55
-456.74
-464.04
-473.68
-484.07
-486.84
-485.33
-496.7
-496.39
-490.49
-492
-490.51
-495.73
-490.8
-495.07
-492.08
-496.54
-492.25
272.11
274.16
273.23
270.22
267.22
269.27
272.92
273.44
269.81
266.18
277.41
289.42
291.71
280.02
268.34
260
252.5
245
237.51
230.31
225.05
219.79
211.62
200.16
191.69
195.12
198.55
198.89
195.15
191.41
192.8
17.8
12.33
25.67
26.2
24
55.06
14.43
9.2
30.5
46
11.38
10
18
8.25
18
24
42
92.38
60.33
344
96.33
156.5
162
98
301
296
297.89
247
184.27
308
90.36