Do the reflection with the information from the power points. The discussion board must be 150 words.
Social Health
CHAPTER 4
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Chapter 4
Social Health
Learning Outcomes:
Identify skill that improve communication
Illustrate the gender differences in communication
Discuss the pros and cons of online social networks
Recount why students may have physical and mental health benefits when involved in intimate relationships
Discuss the science of love, including the psychological, anthropological, and biochemical views
Identify characteristics of health and unhealthy relationships
Recall the issues that couples in long term relationships may confront
Social Health Defined
Social health refers to the ability to interact effectively with other people and with the social environment, to develop satisfying interpersonal relationships, and to fulfill social roles
Communication
Effective communication is key to developing and maintaining healthy relationships
Learn to Listen
Be Agreeable Yet Assertive
Understand How Men and Women Communicate Differently
Nonverbal communication is more powerful than words
Developing Relationships in a Digital Age
Humans are social beings
Before we can love or
accept others we must
love and accept ourselves
How we interact with each other has changed with the rise of the Digital Age (Risks and Rewards)
Internet
Social Networking
Facebook Twitter
Self-Disclosure and Privacy
Other Aspects of Relationships
Friendships
Loneliness – different than being alone
Shyness and Social Anxiety
Dating on Campus
Dating – not what it used to be….
Meeting People
Online Flirting and Dating
Hooking Up
What are the “rules”?
The “Science” of Love
Intimacy: A state of closeness between two people, characterized by the desire and ability to share one’s inner most thoughts and feelings with each other
Is love a part of intimacy?
Is intimacy a part of love?
Can you be intimate with someone without being in love with them?
Stenberg’s Love Triangle (psychological view)
Dysfunctional Relationships
Characterized by negative and destructive patterns of behaviors between partners, or between parents and children
Physical Aggression
Emotional Abuse
Recognize the signs
Codependency
Characteristics include: enabling, exaggerated sense of responsibility, wanting to “rescue”, …
Long-Term Relationships
Cohabitation
Same-sex Relationships
Marriage
Issues:
Money Children
Sex Careers
Infidelity/Extramarital Affairs
Your Invitation to a Healthy Future
CHAPTER 1
Chapter 1
Your Invitation to a Healthy Future
Learning Outcomes:
Define health and wellness
Identify the six dimensions of health and illustrate the interplay among them
Describe how poverty, race, and gender contribute to health disparities in the U.S.
Outline the national health objectives in the Healthy People 2020 Initiative
List guidelines for evaluating websites that provide health information
Describe the stages in the Transtheoretical Model of Change and apply it to a health behavior you want to change
Health & Wellness
Health: A state of complete well-being, including physical, psychological, spiritual, social, intellectual, and environmental dimensions
Wellness: A deliberate lifestyle choice characterized by personal responsibility and optimal enhancement of physical, mental, and spiritual health
Both are multifaceted, dynamic, and interrelated
The Dimensions of Health
Six interrelated dimensions that impact your health and wellness
Physical Health
Psychological Health
Spiritual Health
Social Health
Intellectual Health
Environmental Health
Healthy People 2020
National Public Health Objectives
Overarching Goals:
Eliminate preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death
Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all age groups
Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all
Promote healthy development and healthy behaviors across every stage of life
How are we doing?
How are you doing?
Report Cards…..
Health Disparities
Multiple interrelated factors
contribute to health disparities
Race & Ethnicity
Cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes as well as other chronic diseases impact different races and ethnic groups to varying degrees
Mental Health, infant mortality, HIV and other infectious diseases impact certain races disproportionately
Poverty more prevalent among minorities which is reflected in poorer health care both preventative and curative [low income may account for 1/3 of racial differences in death rates]
Other Factors Contributing to Health Disparities
Biological (chromosomes, sex hormones)
Social (work stress, hostility levels, social networks and support)
Behavioral (risky behavior, aggression, violence, smoking and substance abuse)
Health Habits (regular screenings, preventive care, and minimizing symptoms)
Age
Education
Making Healthy Changes
You can’t modify your age, race, sex, or genetics but you can alter your health behaviors
Three types of influences shape behavior:
Predisposing Factors
Enabling Factors
Reinforcing Factors
Make them work for you….
Factors That Shape Positive Behavior
How and Why People Change
Anatomy of change:
Moral model
Enlightenment model
Behavioral model
Medical Model
Compensatory Model
Health Belief Model – classic model
perceived seriousness and susceptibility (how vulnerable)
benefits outweigh the barriers
confidence in the ability to successfully take action
(self-efficacy)
The Transtheoretical Model
Focuses on universal aspects of an individual’s decision-making process
Key Components:
Stages of Change
Processes of Change
Self-efficacy
Belief in one’s ability to accomplish a goal or change a behavior
Internal locus of control – sense of being in control of your life
Stages of Change
The Processes of Change
Anything you do to modify your thinking, feeling, or behavior
Consciousness-raising
Social Liberation
Emotional Arousal
Self-reevaluation
Commitment
Rewards
Countering
Environmental Control
Helping Relationships
Different processes used in various stages
The Stages of Change and Some Change Processes
Psychological and Spiritual Well-Being
CHAPTER 2
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Chapter 2
Psychological and Spiritual Health
Learning Outcomes:
Identify the characteristics of emotionally healthy persons
List and give examples of the three major areas of positive psychology
Discuss the health benefits of spirituality
Identify ways to enrich one’s spiritual life
Describe four ways that sleep affects daytime well-being
Chapter 2
Psychological and Spiritual Health
Learning Outcomes:
Identify risk factors in college students for mental health problems
List the symptoms of major depression and discuss the pros and cons of using antidepressants
Discuss some of the factors that may lead to suicide as well as strategies for prevention
List the criteria for considering therapy for a mental health problem
Emotional Health
Characteristics of Emotionally Health People
Determination and effort to be healthy
Flexible and adaptable
Sense of meaning and affirmation of life
Understanding of that oneself is not the center of the universe
Compassion for others
Ability to be unselfish
Increased depth and satisfaction in intimate relationships
Sense of control over mind and body
Mental Health
The ability to perceive reality as it is, to respond to its challenges, and develop rational strategies for living
Characteristics include:
Ability to function and carry out responsibilities
Ability to form relationships
Realistic perceptions of the motivations of others
Rational, logical thought processes
Ability to adapt to change and cope with adversity
“…the scientific study of ordinary human strengths and virtues”
Practice Positive Psychology
Pursue Happiness
Make Yourself Happier
Become Optimistic
Manage your Moods
Look on the Lighter Side
Develop Autonomy
Develop Self-Compassion
Boost Emotional Intelligence
Know Yourself
Meet Your Needs
Boost Self-Esteem
Spiritual Health
the ability to identify one’s basic purpose in life and achieve one’s full potential.
Spirituality: a belief in someone or something that transcends the boundaries of self
Scientific evidence
indicates it can enhance health and extend life
Greater psychological and overall well-being
Prayer and other religious experiences alter parts of the brain associated with stress and anxiety for the better
Spiritual Health
Spiritual Intelligence: the capacity to sense, understand, and tap into ourselves, others, and the world around us
Enhance your spiritual health by:
Deepening your spiritual intelligence
Clarifying your values
Enriching your spiritual life
Considering the power of prayer
Cultivating Gratitude
Forgiving
Needed: A Good Night’s Sleep
Only 1/3 of Americans report getting enough sleep
Female students generally have poorer sleep patterns and suffer more consequences
Inadequate Sleep Impacts Your Health
↓ learning and memory
↑ weight gain, metabolism changes
↑ Safety risks: falls, road accidents, errors
↓ Mood/quality of life and life satisfaction
↑ Hypertension, irregular heartbeat, stress hormones
↓ Immune system
How to Sleep Better
Keep regular Hours
Develop a sleep ritual
Don’t drink caffeine late in day, don’t smoke
Don’t use alcohol as a sleep aid
Keep “power naps” to 30 mins or less
Mental Health
College students at higher risk
Age – in 3/4 of cases have first episodes of mental and substance use disorders before age 24
History of psychological problems
Romantic Break-ups
Life changes
Depressive Disorders
Depression is the most common mental ailment.
Estimates 15-40% of college-age may develop depression
Key contributors: stress, substance abuse, sleep loss
Depression is 2x more common in women; however, depression in males considered an “under” disease; it also manifests differently in males and females
Treatment with antidepressants brings its own risks – make an informed decision
Types of Depressive Disorders
Dysthymic Disorder – chronic depressed mood
Minor Depression – similar symptoms as Major depression, just not has severe or numerous
Major Depression – characteristics include
Feeling Depressed Lack of Energy
Loss of Interest Feeling Helpless
Eating more or less Difficulty concentrating
Having trouble sleeping Difficulty thinking clearly
Feeling slowed down Persistent thoughts of death
Withdrawal from others Physical Symptoms
Other Mental Disorders
Bipolar Disorder – severe depression alternating with manic activity and elation
Anxiety Disorders
involves episodes of apprehension, tension, or
uneasiness
Phobias
Panic Attacks & Panic Disorder
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Other Mental Disorders
Attention Disorders
ADHD
Autism Spectrum Disorders
Asperger Syndrome
Schizophrenia
Symptoms include: hallucinations, delusions, inability to think, talking, making odd or purposeless movements, repeating others’ words….
Suicide – Take it Seriously
Steps to Prevent Suicide
Ask concerned questions
Don’t offer trite reassurances
Suggest solutions or alternative to problems
Don’t be afraid to ask if they are considering suicide
Don’t think that if people talk about suicide they won’t carry out the threat
Watch for behavioral clues
If suicide thoughts are posted on Facebook, report the post to “Report Suicidal Content” link
If you are struggling or someone you know
is struggling seek help
Campus and Community Services
Options:
Therapy:
Psychodynamic
Cognitive-Behavioral
Behavioral
Interpersonal
Psychiatric Drugs
Alternative Mind-Mood Products
Personal
Stress Management
CHAPTER 3
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Chapter 3
Personal Stress Management
Learning Outcomes:
Distinguish between the five categories of stress
Compare and contrast the biological and non-biological theories of stress
Define stress and stressors and describe how the body responds to stress according to the general adaptation syndrome theory
Discuss how stress can affect the cardiovascular, immune, endocrine, neurological, reproductive, and digestive systems
Chapter 3
Personal Stress Management
Learning Outcomes (cont)
Identify stress that is
commonly reported by
college students
Evaluate the stress management techniques discussed in the text to determine which ones would work best for you
Explain how stressful events can affect psychological health, and describe the factors contributing to posttraumatic stress disorder
Definitions
Stress: The nonspecific response of the body to any demands made upon it
Stressor: Specific or nonspecific agents or situations that cause the stress response in the body. There are both positive and negative stressors
Eustress: Positive stress which stimulates a person to function properly
Distress: A negative stress that may result in illness
Categories of Stressors
Acute time-limited stressors
Brief naturalistic stressors
Stressful event sequences
Chronic Stressors
Distant Stressors
Stress Theories
General Adaptation Syndrome (biological)
Strive to maintain or restore homeostasis by means of adaptive response – 3 distinct stages
Alarm
Resistance
Exhaustion
Cognitive-Transactional Model
Stress is a relationship between demands and the power to deal with them without unreasonable or destructive costs
Stress Models
Life Events Model
300+ life-change units in a year – more likely to suffer serious health problems
Diathesis Stress Model
Particular stressors have different effects on different people because individuals vary in their vulnerabilities or predispositions; the greater one’s inherent vulnerabilities, the less environmental stress is required to cause problems
The Effects of Stress on the Body
Stress on Campus
College experience provides old and new challenges and stressors
Women consistently report more stress then men
Immune and hormonal systems contribute
Differences in lifestyle
Different coping strategies
Respond Differently
Men – “fight or flight”
Women – “tend and befriend”
Stress on Campus
Minority Students
Face greater stress because of “acculturation”
Racism and Discrimination
Other sources
Other Personal Stressors
Economic stress Illness and Disability
Anger Epidemic Societal Stressors
Job Stress
How do you manage stress?
How do you manage stress?
Managing Stress
Cognitive Restructuring
Journaling
Physical Activity
Relaxation Techniques
Progressive relaxation, visualization, biofeedback
Meditation
Yoga
Benefits of Meditation
Traumatic Life Events and Stress
About ½ of all people will experience at least one traumatic event, most will cope well and recover fully.
However 20-30% will experience serious reactions including Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Coping strategies:
Talk Take Care of Yourself
Strive for Balance Take a Break
Help others or do something productive
Resilience – Thriving in Adversity
Life challenges may increase mental toughness, build resilience, and help people cope with adversity
Factors that enable individuals to thrive:
Optimistic attitude
Self-efficacy
Stress inoculation
Secure personal relationships
Spirituality or religiosity
Time Management
Lack of organization and time management adds to stress… take steps to improve:
Schedule your time
Develop a game plan
Identify time robbers
Make the most of classes
Develop an efficient study style
Focus on the task at hand
Turn elephants into hors d’oeuvres
Keep your workspace in order
Overcome procrastination!