Create a 9-slide presentation with 100-125 speaker notes for each slide (not counting the title slide and the reference slide)
Only use as sources the attached 2 articles, each has a mobile application discussed.
📋 MAIN DETAILS: Your professional presentation should include:
Name of each app
Brief description of each scholarly article
The primary user of the app
Purpose of the app (not the research study)
Data collected by the app (not the research study)
Type of data transmission and storage in the app (not the research study or a web portal)
Level of a security risk (none, low, medium, or high). Be prepared to justify this claim, based on the sensitivity level of the data collected by the app’s
Desired security measures in terms of confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the data collected, processed and transited by the app’s
Actual security measures presented in the article and whether they are sufficient for the data.
JMIR MHEALTH AND UHEALTH
Prins-van Ginkel et al
Original Paper
Detecting Acute Otitis Media Symptom Episodes Using a Mobile
App: Cohort Study
Annemarijn C Prins-van Ginkel, MSc; Marieke LA de Hoog, PhD; C Uiterwaal, MD, PhD; Henriette A Smit, PhD;
Patricia CJ Bruijning-Verhagen, MD, PhD
Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
Corresponding Author:
Annemarijn C Prins-van Ginkel, MSc
Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care
University Medical Center Utrecht
Huispost nr STR 6.131
PO Box 85500
Utrecht, 3508 GA
Netherlands
Phone: 31 887568044
Fax: 31 887568099
Email: A.C.Prins@umcutrecht.nl
Abstract
Background: Population cohort studies are useful to study infectious diseases episodes not attended by health care services,
but conventional paper diaries and questionnaires to capture cases are prone to noncompliance and recall bias. Use of smart
technology in this setting may improve case finding.
Objective: The objective of our study was to validate an interactive mobile app for monitoring occurrence of acute infectious
diseases episodes in individuals, independent of health care seeking, using acute otitis media (AOM) symptom episodes in infants
as a case study. We were interested in determining participant compliance and app performance in detecting and ascertaining
(parent-reported) AOM symptom episodes with this novel tool compared with traditional methods used for monitoring study
participants.
Methods: We tested the InfectieApp research app to detect AOM symptom episodes. In 2013, we followed 155 children aged
0 to 3 years for 4 months. Parents recorded the presence of AOM symptoms in a paper diary for 4 consecutive months and
completed additional disease questionnaires when AOM symptoms were present. In 2015 in a similar cohort of 69 children,
parents used an AOM diary and questionnaire app instead.
Results: During conventional and app-based recording, 93.13% (17,244/18,516) and 94.56% (7438/7866) of symptom diaries
were returned, respectively, and at least one symptom was recorded for 32.50% (n=5606) and 43.99% (n=3272) of diary days
(P38°C), nasal cold, otorrhea, otalgia, and sore throat
(Figure 1). Parents were asked to mark whenever a symptom
was present on a particular day. Additionally, the diary sheet
contained a monthly questionnaire about environmental risk
factors of respiratory infections printed on the back. After the
end of each month, parents mailed the filled-in paper sheet in
return envelopes, and the sheets were scanned for digital
processing [9].
Design of the 2013 Acute Otitis Media Study Period
In January 2013, we invited by mail 300 participating
WHISTLER parents (randomly selected out of 594 parents)
with children aged 0 to 3 years for additional participation in
our nested AOM study. According to the WHISTLER traditional
method, parents reported respiratory symptoms and answered
the monthly questionnaire using the paper diary sheets. For
children older than 1 year, we requested parents to restart
recording during 4 consecutive months (February to May 2013),
as symptoms were recorded only in the first year of life
according to the WHISTLER protocol. In addition to the daily
recording, parents were asked to contact the study team within
24 hours by email, text message, or telephone call when they
recorded a combination of symptoms suggestive of an AOM
symptom episode. For this, parents received detailed instructions
upon enrollment explaining which (combination of) symptoms
was suggestive of an AOM symptom episode and should prompt
notification. Researchers verified these symptoms over the
telephone. Subsequently, we asked parents to complete paper
versions of a validated AOM severity score (AOM-SOS) during
7 consecutive days and an additional disease questionnaire on
day 7 [10]. Questionnaires and scoring lists were returned by
mail. We used these to ascertain the AOM symptom episode
by assessing AOM severity, health care use, and impact on
family life.
Design of the 2015 Acute Otitis Media Study Period
We invited 404 parents of 0- to 3-year-old children by mail to
participate in the (nested) AOM study. As WHISTLER
completed recruitment in January 2013, no infants under 1 year
of age were participating in WHISTLER in January 2015. Thus,
we invited 91 WHISTLER age-eligible (ie,