2
THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON INEQUALITY
Topic with Connections
Globalization is a phenomenon that can be traced back to the 15th century and attributed to the interconnectedness of diverse businesses and people across the globe. Consequently, globalization has resulted in enhanced economic and socioeconomic integration, which in turn facilitates enhanced communication, movement, and business practices. However, despite the numerous advantages of this phenomenon, globalization is increasingly being touted as the reason behind the increase in inequality within many nations in the world. Globalization can be linked to four interrelated cultural shifts including strict tax competition between different countries, decreasing importance for the need for borders governing economic transactions, increased interconnectedness as a result of the upcoming trends in information and communication technology and increased volatility of the market.
Research Questions
1) Are the fruits of economic globalization being shared fairly among people from all socioeconomic backgrounds?
2) While global trade is driving the success of many nations around the globe, is there an increase in wealthy individuals or are more people getting poor by the day?
Globalization has led to more people outsourcing jobs abroad leading to decrease in wages and loss of jobs in the countries of origin. In turn manufacturing sites in some of these oversees countries practice lowest controls in terms of labor standards, taxes, environmental controls and costs generating a crisis. In addition to increased economic, social and political insecurity in the recent past the globalization process is affected creating a state of inequality.
Search Strategies
To find the three sources to be used in the analysis of the selected contemporary issue, the phrase searching technique was applied. Phrase searching entails the utilization of a few key words to formulate a search term. This search term can then be used to retrieve suitable results from a wide variety of sources. The search term, in this case, was “globalization and inequality.” This search term was inserted into the Google search box to seek a viable news item regarding the impact of globalization on inequality. A thorough search yielded several results with an article from The Guardian Newspaper selected for this paper. Thereafter, the search term was inserted into Google Scholar to seek academic sources about the topic. Two sources were selected: a book and a journal. These two books shed light on the history regarding the selected topic.
Sources with Annotations
Source Demonstrating that Globalization Affecting Inequality is a Current Issue
Frankel, Jeffrey. “Do Globalization and World Trade Fuel Inequality?” The Guardian. 2018.
https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/jan/02/do-globalisation-and-world-trade-fuel-inequality
This is a newspaper article from an online version of The Guardian Newspaper, which was sourced from Google and discusses the link between financial globalization and inequality.[footnoteRef:1] [1: Jeffrey Frankel, “Do Globalization and World Trade Fuel Inequality?” The Guardian, 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/jan/02/do-globalisation-and-world-trade-fuel-inequality]
Two Sources Addressing the Historical Roots of the Topic
Azzimonti, Marina, Eva De Francisco, and Vincenzo Quadrini. “Financial Globalization, Inequality, and the Rising Public Debt.” American Economic Review 104, no. 8 (2014): 2267-2302.
This is a scholarly journal article from the American Economic Review sourced from Google Scholar, which reveals the rise in debt and inequality due to financial globalization.[footnoteRef:2] [2: Marina Azzimonti, Eva De Francisco, and Vincenzo Quadrini, “Financial Globalization, Inequality, and the Rising Public Debt,” American Economic Review 104, no. 8 (2014): 2267-2302.]
Nissanke, Machiko, and Erik Thorbecke. “Channels and Policy Debate in the Globalization-Inequality-Poverty Nexus.” In The Impact of Globalization on the World’s Poor. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.
This is a secondary book source from Palgrave Macmillan sourced from Google Scholar, which reveals key trends in the relationship between globalization and inequality.[footnoteRef:3] [3: Machiko Nissanke and Erik Thorbecke, “Channels and Policy Debate in the Globalization-Inequality-Poverty Nexus,” in The Impact of Globalization on the World’s Poor (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007), 22-55.]
Bibliography
Azzimonti, Marina, Eva De Francisco, and Vincenzo Quadrini. “Financial Globalization, Inequality, and the Rising Public Debt.” American Economic Review 104, no. 8 (2014): 2267-2302.
Frankel, Jeffrey. “Do Globalization and World Trade Fuel Inequality?” The Guardian. 2018. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/jan/02/do-globalisation-and-world-trade-fuel-inequality
Nissanke, Machiko, and Erik Thorbecke. “Channels and Policy Debate in the Globalization-Inequality-Poverty Nexus.” In The Impact of Globalization on the World’s Poor. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.
FEEDBACK
Besides the comments here, look at the Rubric to see the score breakdown. For LRA II, this topic MUST be revised to a SPECIFIC globalization issue seen today in some country or part of the world. Your paper explores the roots of that SPECIFIC issue for a SPECIFIC place such as loss of indigenous languages/customs, reconfiguration of economy to de-emphasize crops for domestic use to those for export, environmental issues caused by production for a global market, and so on. TOPIC with CONNECTIONS: The topic must be framed first as a contemporary problem and needs to be narrowed to a nation or region and must choose a specific globalization issue. In a 5 to 7-page paper, you will not be able to examine globalization broadly. QUESTIONS: Questions were to address historical roots because they will be the focus of your paper. Revised questions in LRA II will address the roots of a specific globalization issue in a specific part of the world. In LRA II state the connection to the course theme of globalization SEARCH STRATEGIES: Interesting reference to “phrase searching” but I suspect that is not what you did. Rather you used the Boolean operator AND to look for sources that had both the words “globalization” and “inequality” in them and not the phrase “globalization and inequality.” Google Scholar does not necessarily result in only sources that meet the required scholarly journal article or secondary book source requirement. Also given that articles are most often hidden behind a pay wall in Google Scholar, use the library sites and databases to look for scholarly journal articles. Or you can set up Google Scholar to show you what’s available through WSU Libraries: https://libguides.libraries.wsu.edu/GettingConnected/settingupgooglescholar SOURCES, CITATION, ANNOTATIONS: Credit for the source types, but none of the citations is in Chicago Notes and Bibliography style. Newspaper articles, for example, required month day and year publication dates. Use the citation aids in the Research Project Module. To use these sources for your paper, you MUST have access to them. The citations indicate that only the Guardian article is available to you. You will have to use interlibrary loan to get the book and a database for the American Economic Review article which the citation must indicate. Again because Google Scholar includes sources that are not in scholarly journals, the annotation must explain how you identified an article as in a scholarly journal.
Review the
feedback you received, especially from the instructor, on LRA I, because you may be required to make specific revisions here based on that feedback.
Introduction
:
This assignment is the second in a series for the Research Project. In this Library Research Assignment, you revise the work you did in the first Library Research Assignment and, in particular, define the depth of the historical roots. Through 4 Library Research Assignments, you revise your topic idea, find sources (primary and secondary) that allow you to incorporate diverse perspectives, formulate research questions, cite your sources, compose your thesis statement, and share a draft of your paper. These assignments prepare you for your Research Paper due on the final exam day for this class.
For Your Post
:
Label each section of your post with the labels below:
Topic with Connections
;
Research Questions
; Historical Roots;
Search Strategies
; and
Sources with Annotations
.
1. TOPIC with CONNECTIONS
Begin with a description of your chosen contemporary issue with historical roots. The description makes clear how it is connected to at least one of the five course themes: Humans and the Environment, Roots of Inequality (Gender), Socialism vs. Capitalism, Globalization, or the Roots of Contemporary Conflicts. Write in complete sentences. This description can be done in a single well-composed sentence but takes at most three sentences.
This description may be copied from LRA I or is a REVISED version what you provided in LRA I. Necessity of revision based on instructor’s feedback on LRA I.
1. RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Provide two research questions about the selected topic listed that make clear your focus on the HISTORICAL ROOTS. Depending on instructor’s feedback on LRA I, questions may be very similar to those on LRA I or completely different if the topic was revised.
2. HISTORICAL ROOTS
Write a short statement (at least 50 words) explaining the depth of the historical roots (how far back in time you are researching).
3. SEARCH STRATEGIES
Explain in at least 100 words how you found your sources. Discuss search terms, databases used, if you consulted with a librarian the assistance you received, and so on.
4. SOURCES with ANNOTATIONS
· List TWO scholarly journal articles that focus on the historical roots of your issue.
· List TWO secondary book sources that address the historical roots of your selected topic. Books may be available online (such as an ebook) and/or in print, but they must be published. Books are not reports released by an institute, for example. Books are published only after having first gone through the peer review and editing process of scholarly sources
· Cite all FOUR sources in Chicago Notes and
Bibliography
style.
· Follow EACH citation with a one-sentence annotation that identifies its type such as book or scholarly journal article and explains how you identified it as such.
5. Type the above information in your word processing program to allow you to save it as a document there.
THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON INEQUALITY
Topic with Connections
Globalization is a phenomenon that can be traced back to the 15th century and attributed to the interconnectedness of diverse businesses and people across the globe. Consequently, globalization has resulted in enhanced economic and socioeconomic integration, which in turn facilitates enhanced communication, movement, and business practices. However, despite the numerous advantages of this phenomenon, globalization is increasingly being touted as the reason behind the increase in inequality within many nations in the world. Globalization can be linked to four interrelated cultural shifts including strict tax competition between different countries, decreasing importance for the need for borders governing economic transactions, increased interconnectedness as a result of the upcoming trends in information and communication technology and increased volatility of the market.
Research Questions
· Are the fruits of economic globalization being shared fairly among people from all socioeconomic backgrounds?
· While global trade is driving the success of many nations around the globe, is there an increase in wealthy individuals or are more people getting poor by the day?
Globalization has led to more people outsourcing jobs abroad leading to decrease in wages and loss of jobs in the countries of origin. In turn manufacturing sites in some of these oversees countries practice lowest controls in terms of labor standards, taxes, environmental controls and costs generating a crisis. In addition to increased economic, social and political insecurity in the recent past the globalization process is affected creating a state of inequality.
Search Strategies
To find the three sources to be used in the analysis of the selected contemporary issue, the phrase searching technique was applied. Phrase searching entails the utilization of a few key words to formulate a search term. This search term can then be used to retrieve suitable results from a wide variety of sources. The search term, in this case, was “globalization and inequality.” This search term was inserted into the Google search box to seek a viable news item regarding the impact of globalization on inequality. A thorough search yielded several results with an article from The Guardian Newspaper selected for this paper. Thereafter, the search term was inserted into Google Scholar to seek academic sources about the topic. Two sources were selected: a book and a journal. These two books shed light on the history regarding the selected topic.
Sources with Annotations
Source Demonstrating that Globalization Affecting Inequality is a Current Issue
Frankel, Jeffrey. “Do Globalization and World Trade Fuel Inequality?” The Guardian. 2018.
https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/jan/02/do-globalisation-and-world-trade-fuel-inequality (Links to an external site.)
This is a newspaper article from an online version of The Guardian Newspaper, which was sourced from Google and discusses the link between financial globalization and inequality.
Two Sources Addressing the Historical Roots of the Topic
Azzimonti, Marina, Eva De Francisco, and Vincenzo Quadrini. “Financial Globalization, Inequality, and the Rising Public Debt.” American Economic Review 104, no. 8 (2014): 2267-2302.
This is a scholarly journal article from the American Economic Review sourced from Google Scholar, which reveals the rise in debt and inequality due to financial globalization.
Nissanke, Machiko, and Erik Thorbecke. “Channels and Policy Debate in the Globalization-Inequality-Poverty Nexus.” In The Impact of Globalization on the World’s Poor. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.
This is a secondary book source from Palgrave Macmillan sourced from Google Scholar, which reveals key trends in the relationship between globalization and inequality.
Bibliography
Azzimonti, Marina, Eva De Francisco, and Vincenzo Quadrini. “Financial Globalization, Inequality, and the Rising Public Debt.” American Economic Review 104, no. 8 (2014): 2267-2302.
Frankel, Jeffrey. “Do Globalization and World Trade Fuel Inequality?” The Guardian. 2018. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/jan/02/do-globalisation-and-world-trade-fuel-inequality (Links to an external site.)
Nissanke, Machiko, and Erik Thorbecke. “Channels and Policy Debate in the Globalization-Inequality-Poverty Nexus.” In The Impact of Globalization on the World’s Poor. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.
Feedback LRA2
TOPIC with CONNECTIONS: Despite my DIRECT instructions on LRA I that “this topic MUST be revised to a SPECIFIC globalization issue seen today in some country or part of the world,” this post does not make that revision. The result is that you still do not have an APPROVED Research Paper topic and thus CANNOT PASS this class until you make topic revisions.
QUESTIONS: Again these reflect no attention paid to my SPECIFIC instructions on LRA I.
HISTORICAL ROOTS: This was to be a separately labeled section here but it is MISSING.
SEARCH STRATEGIES: We spent an entire class period (Feb. 3) reviewing why Google searches were not effective in finding the required source types: scholarly journal articles and books. For a few other days we then looked at citation to identify source types.
SOURCES, CITATION, and ANNOTATION: Requirements were for 2 secondary book and 2 scholarly journal article sources. The second scholarly journal article and book source are MISSING. Credit for Azzimonti as a scholarly journal article but the citation does not reveal online access and the annotation does not explain how the type was identified. LOOK at my comments on LRA I for citation and annotation issues. You do not have access to the book. LRA III REQUIRES that you have access to sources listed.
LIBRARY RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT III
· Review the
feedback you received, especially from the instructor, on LRA II, because you may be required to make specific revisions here based on that feedback.
· TOPIC with CONNECTIONS to become THESIS STATEMENT: This is the THIRD time you submit a Topic with Connections statement. For most, your topic is well defined from the first two LRAs.
If the feedback on LRA II indicates that the topic (contemporary issue with historical roots) and associated research questions were still not clearly defined, then the Topic with Connections here must reflect close attention to feedback on the previous LRAs.
Make sure in this assignment that you succinctly express your topic, making clear the contemporary issue whose historical roots you explore, because you will revise this “topic with connections” into the thesis statement for your Research Paper. The thesis statement expresses the main argument of your paper and briefly how you will prove it.
· DIVERSE PERSPECTIVES: Your Research Paper incorporates diverse perspectives into its analysis. Here you identify them.
· PAPER ORGANIZATION: This post requires you to describe how you will organize your Research Paper. Thus you explain how you organize the evidence to support your thesis statement.
· PRIMARY SOURCES: For this LRA, you must find TWO primary sources.
Primary sources
are produced by people at that time in history that you are exploring. They can be diaries, letters, paintings, oral histories, photographs, census data, newspaper articles , maps from the time as well as buildings and other items of material culture such as quilts or scrapbooks.
· ANNOTATED REFERENCES: Here and for your Research Paper, you provide an Annotated References section that includes a minimum of SEVEN reliable sources among which at least two are scholarly journal articles, at least two are secondary source books, and at least two are primary sources. EACH citation in the Annotated References section is followed by a 1-2 sentence annotation that first identifies the source type and how you determined that and then explains the source’s value in your paper.
T
he annotation makes clear that you accessed the source
: for example, that you checked the book out of the library or that you accessed the article and not just its abstract.
The SEVEN sources that are listed here and approved as meeting the above requirements MUST be cited in the Research Paper
.
· USE the AIDS: Review the many aids available to help you with these tasks of writing a thesis statement, organizing your paper, finding primary sources, citing sources and annotating them.
· Look at, for example, “
Primary Sources and Secondary Sources
” (in the
Research Project Module
and
GUIDES Module
) to understand the difference between the secondary sources you cited in LRA I and LRA II and the primary sources required here in LRA III. The links to WSU pages in
WSU Hist 105 Websites for Research Project (LRA III)
help you locate primary sources (in the
Research Project Module
).
· The
Research Project Module
and
Writing Guides Module
contain many aids including one specifically labeled “Thesis Statement.”
· Review the
Library Research Assignment Tutorial III
that you saw in class and that is in the
Week 8 and Week 9 Modules
and
Research Project Module
. It reviews the thesis statement and includes the primary source definition and aids.
· Refer to the writing guides such as the Purdue OWL for help with research paper writing. They are linked to from the
Hist 105 Writing Guides
in the Writing Guides Module.
· Review the citation guides in the
Writing Guides Module
.
Introduction
:
This assignment is the third in a series for the Research Project. Through 4 Library Research Assignments, you revise your topic idea, find sources (primary and secondary) that allow you to incorporate diverse perspectives, compose your thesis statement, meet source type requirements and cite your sources (7 minimum), and share a draft of your paper. These assignments prepare you for your Research Paper due on the final exam day for this class.
For Your Post
:
Label each section of your post with the labels below: Topic with Connections; Diverse Perspectives; Search Strategies; Description of Paper Organization; and Annotated References.
1. TOPIC with CONNECTIONS
Begin with a description of your chosen
contemporary issue with historical roots
. The description makes clear how it is connected to
at least one of the five course themes
: Humans and the Environment, Roots of Inequality (Gender), Socialism vs. Capitalism, Globalization, or the Roots of Contemporary Conflicts. Write in complete sentences. This description can be done in a single well-composed sentence but takes at most three sentences.
This description may be the same one that you submitted for LRA II. A revision is required if the instructor’s feedback on LRA II specified one. Be sure to emphasize your focus on the historical roots of the issue.
2. DIVERSE PERSPECTIVES
Discuss the diverse (more than 1) perspectives on your topic in at least 50 words.
3. SEARCH STRATEGIES
Explain in at least 100 words how you found your PRIMARY sources and identified them as primary sources. Note: These strategies are NEW in this LRA because of your search for primary sources, which were not required in the earlier LRAs.
4. DESCRIPTION of PAPER ORGANIZATION
Describe in at least 100 words how you will organize your Research Paper. This description may simply be an outline of the order of topics within your paper but must be written in complete sentences.
5. ANNOTATED REFERENCES
This section meets the minimum requirements for the Annotated References in the Research Paper. Thus, include SEVEN sources here (you may have more in your paper) of which TWO are scholarly journal articles (ideally from LRA II); TWO are secondary book sources (ideally from LRA II); and TWO are primary sources (new here in LRA III). The last (seventh) source may be an article, book, or Website determined to be reliable.
EACH source addresses the historical roots of your selected topic.
· Cite those sources in Chicago Notes and Bibliography style
· Add an annotation beneath EACH citation of 1-2 sentences.
· In the annotation:
1. Identify the source type (such as primary source or scholarly journal article).
2. Explain how you know that source is that type. For example, it is a scholarly journal article because I found it using a search for peer-reviewed journal articles in ProQuest.
3. Discuss the source’s value in your paper (such as to support a particular point you intend to make in the paper). This value section makes clear that you accessed the source
, such as by checking the book out of the library or accessing the article and not just its abstract.
Because this is the final source list, ACCESS to each source must be clear.
6. Type the above information in your word processing program to allow you to save it as a document there.
LRAIIInoTS
LRAIIInoTS | ||||||||||
Criteria |
Ratings |
Pts |
||||||||
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeTOPIC with CONNECTIONS Description of contemporary issue with HISTORICAL ROOTS that provides explicit connection to at least one of the five course themes: Humans and the Environment, Roots of Inequality (Gender), Socialism vs. Capitalism, Globalization, or the Roots of Contemporary Conflicts. This description may be copied from LRA II or is a REVISED version of what you provided in LRA II. This must be done in no more than 3 sentences. |
10.0 to >0.0 pts Full Marks 0.0 pts No Marks |
10.0 pts |
||||||||
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeDIVERSE PERSPECTIVES Discussion of diverse (more than 1) perspectives being considered (50-word minimum). |
||||||||||
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeSEARCH STRATEGIES (focus on primary sources) Explanation in at least 100 words of how you found your PRIMARY sources and identified them as such. |
14.0 to >0.0 pts Full Marks 0.0 pts No Marks |
1 4.0 pts |
||||||||
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeDESCRIPTION of PAPER ORGANIZATION Brief description in at least 100 words of the paper’s organization in covering the historical roots of the contemporary issue. Written in complete sentences. |
12.0 to >0.0 pts Full Marks 0.0 pts No Marks |
12.0 pts |
||||||||
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeTWO primary sources TWO primary sources revealing historical roots. [Primary sources are those produced by people at the time of the historical roots ] |
||||||||||
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeTWO secondary book sources TWO secondary book sources (published print and/or ebook) focused on historical roots. |
||||||||||
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeTWO scholarly journal articles TWO scholarly journal articles focused on historical roots. |
||||||||||
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeCITATION of SEVEN reliable sources. CITATION of SEVEN reliable sources in Chicago Notes and Bibliography style: includes at least 2 scholarly journals, at least 2 secondary book sources, and at least 2 primary sources to be used in Research Paper. 2 pts per citation. |
||||||||||
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeANNOTATION of each citation=7 annotations Short annotation (1-2 sentences) follows EACH citation: (1) identifies source TYPE (such as scholarly journal article), (2) describes HOW you made that determination, and (3) explains source’s VALUE in your paper with CLEAR indication that source was ACCESSED. 3 pts per annotation. |
21.0 to >0.0 pts Full Marks 0.0 pts No Marks |
21.0 pts |
||||||||
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomePOST FORMAT Not attached as file and EACH section is labeled and in the order specified in the instructions (TOPIC with CONNECTIONS; DIVERSE PERSPECTIVES; and so on). |
4.0 to >0.0 pts Full Marks 0.0 pts No Marks |
4.0 pts | ||||||||
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomePEER-REVIEW REPLIES TWO made; each assesses post on EACH required element including citation and does so constructively and in 75-250 words. |
20.0 to >0.0 pts Full Marks 0.0 pts No Marks |
20.0 pts |
||||||||
Total Points: 135.0 |
Sample 1
Topic with Connections
With the looming threat of global warming, some countries have chosen to move to use an increasing amount of nuclear power. One of these countries is France, which has chosen to address the problem of nuclear waste possibly getting into the environment in an innovative way, recycling it into new fuel. My main focus will be on the carbon dioxide produced by traditional power plants that have created the need for nuclear, and the French way of dealing with the possibly very harmful waste from their power plants.
Diverse Perspectives
Overall,
my sources don’t diverge too much in what they describe as the best option. They pretty much all agree that France has a very good system for their nuclear power. The only true difference in opinion is based on the fact that after the fuel is refined, it is weapons-grade. Which makes it much more important to keep the reprocessed fuel secure.
Search Strategies
Due to the limited nature of primary sources for nuclear power, since it is hard to find individual accounts that are actually relevant to the issues I am addressing, I had to limit my search to mostly government reports that analyze the raw data in order to interpret it for the use of policy setters. So to find the sources, I used two methods. For the Mathias report to the US Senate, I used Google Scholar to find it. I actually got quite lucky to find the IEA report. I was reading through a non-scholarly source in order to learn more for myself. When I got to the end, I read through the sources and found an IEA report for the US. So I went to the IEA site and managed to find another report for France.
Description of Paper Organization
I think that in my paper it will be important to cover a few different topics in order to adequately address my main topic. I will start the paper with my thesis. Then I will give a brief history of the beginning of nuclear research through the beginning of nuclear power and up to current times. Then I will cover why nuclear power is increasing in popularity in some countries (global warming and co2). From there I will go into the problem of nuclear waste and what France is doing to solve this problem in order to have a better nuclear power program.
Annotated References
Scholarly Journals
Krikorian, Shant. “France’s Efficiency in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle: What Can ‘Oui’ Learn?” IAEA. IAEA, September 4, 2019.
https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/frances-efficiency-in-the-nuclear-fuel-cycle-what-can-oui-learnLinks to an external site.
.
This is an article from the International Atomic Energy Agency on France’s nuclear waste reprocessing.
Kryshev, I., T.G. Sazykina, L.N. Isaeva, Risk Assessment from Contamination of Aquatic Ecosystems in the Areas of Chernobyl and Ural Radioactive Patterns, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 64, Issue 1-2, 1 April 1996, Pages 103–107,
https://ntserver1.wsulibs.wsu.edu:2137/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a031547Links to an external site.
I found this through the WSU library search engines and it details the risks posed to aquatic ecosystems near Chernobyl.
Sovacool, Benjamin K. “Valuing the Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Nuclear Power: A Critical Survey.” Energy Policy, February 25, 2008, 2950–63.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421508001997#aep-section-id21Links to an external site.
.
This is an article from the Energy Policy journal that details the carbon impacts of nuclear power and other sources of power.
Secondary Sources
Gawande, Kishore, and Hank Jenkins-Smith. “Nuclear Waste Transport and Residential Property Values: Estimating the Effects of Perceived Risks.” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, vol. 42, no. 2, 2001, pp. 207–233., doi:10.1006/jeem.2000.1155.
This is an article that evaluates how nuclear waste can have real negative effects on the economy just based on where it is transported.
Goldschmidt, Bertrand. The Atomic Complex : a Worldwide Political History of Nuclear Energy. La Grange Park, Ill.: American Nuclear Society, 1982.
This is a book I checked out from the library that gives a detailed history or nuclear power and weapons.
Primary Sources
Mathias, Charles McC., and United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Nuclear Power Development in France : Report to the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1981
https://books.google.com/books?id=AKgCTgbIx_0C&pg=PP1&lpg=PP1&dq=Nuclear+Power+Development+in+France+:+Report+to+the+Committee+on+Governmental+Affairs,+United+States+Senate.&source=bl&ots=Xf3mYcBjuv&sig=ACfU3U2HjxiV7k03ciueSdeLXrYNclHDgg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjd-KrE8P3nAhUFP30KHfgGBEcQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q&f=falseLinks to an external site.
.
This is a report that was given to the US Senate regarding Nuclear power development in France.
IEA (2017), “Energy Policies of IEA Countries: France 2016 Review”, IEA, Paris
https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-policies-of-iea-countries-france-2016-reviewLinks to an external site.
I found this report because the IEA was in the works cited in another article I read although it wasn’t a scholarly source. This report gives a detailed analysis of France’s energy plans and policies, including nuclear.
Sample 2
TOPIC with CONNECTIONS
Women’s inequality in Turkey is slowly closing, with the changes to gender inequality beginning with the institution of the Tanzimat Edict in 1839, but studies have shown that female students are still lacking educationally due to traditional beliefs of modern parents.
Since 1859 girls were allowed in secondary school, however it wasn’t until 1997 that education became compulsory in Turkey. However, studies have proven that many girls, ages 6-14, are still not in school. Turkish parents often still follow traditionalist views when it comes to education which explains how this gap still has not closed since it was not until just a few years ago when education became required for children. Since the rate of students dropping out of schools has been equal between male and female genders, the education gap in Turkey still has not closed.
The Tanzimat Edict in 1839 began making the government in Turkey take a closer look at the inequality of the genders, however, women’s Inequality became a debatable topic in 1868 when a newspaper article first began mentioning the various inequalities between the genders, including in education. Women began speaking up about ways in which they were treated differently but mainly about how improving their education would also improve their households. Education in Turkey did not take a turn for improvement until 1997, when education for females became compulsory, however, that has not stopped parents from following traditionalist views in regards to education and still insisting their female children do not need schooling. This research paper will dive into how history has attempted to change the education of females in Turkey since 1839, how it has progressed since that time, and what is still causing the females in Turkey to receive less education than their male counterparts.
DIVERSE PERSPECTIVES
The government in Turkey began making changes to the Ottoman empire in the mid 1800’s, however, these changes did not seem to touch gender inequality until 1908 when women decided to take matters into their own hands to force the government to begin making changes with the start of the women’s movement. However, even with the government stepping in and eventually including making education required of females, many parents in Turkey are still not requiring their female children to attend school. Because of this traditional view of education – where men should be educated and females should care for the home – the inequality of education between the genders still stands. Within my research paper, I will take a look at both the governmental opinions and requirements of education as well as the parental point of view regarding traditional ideas of education for women.
SEARCH STRATEGIES
After revising my research topic and questions, I began searching for more focused articles about education in Turkey. I took to the school library, specifically looking for scholarly articles regarding the gender gaps in education in Turkey. I found several scholarly cited journals. The main difficulty I have found for sources is that many of them are in Turkish. I am currently still searching for some English translations of those resources. The ones that I have found most of my information from, as of now, are listed here. The books I have chosen, I ordered from Amazon and have just begun getting research from. One of them gives a full history of the education in Turkey, including the inequalities present. Primary sources are very difficult since the changes began to take place in the 1800s, I have not been able to find direct sources for this. However, I have found information regarding the Tanzimat Edict which started the changes and will be using it for my research as well.
Description of Paper Organization
I will develop a strong thesis statement, derived from my above explanation of my paper, and begin my paper with that. Directly after that, I look to focus on an introduction which will let my readers know what my paper is about. My first section will include a history of the inequality of the genders, with a focus on education; this will be the historical roots aspect of the problem of gender inequality in Turkey, specifically in education.. I will then move into the history of the government’s involvement with the gender inequality in education beginning with the Tanzimat Edict and continuing to requiring education of females in 1997. I will then move on to the issues that still plague the inequality of education of the genders, specifically focusing on how traditionalist parents and their views of their female children receiving an education. I will conclude my paper with a re-cap of all the information included in the paper and include a strong conclusion.
Bibliography
Secondary sources
Caner A, Guven C, Okten C, Sakalli S. Gender Roles and the Education Gender Gap in Turkey. Social Indicators Research. 2016;129(3):1231-1254. doi:10.1007/s11205-015-1163-7
This is a scholarly Article that has been cited several times, found in the school library, SearchIT. This article discusses the gender gap in Turkey that is still evident today. It gives a great history of the problems that exist in all gender inequality but focuses mainly on the educational system.
Durakbaşa A, Karapehlivan F. Progress and Pitfalls in Women’s Education in Turkey (1839-2017). Encounters on Education. 2018;19:70-89. doi:10.24908/eoe-ese-rse.v19i0.11915
This is a scholarly article found in the school library. It has been cited many times in other educational works and articles. This discusses the educational gap for women in Turkey beginning with the start of the changes and progresses to modern times.
Books
Esmerleda, Cervantes. Address on the Education and Literature of the Women of Turkey. Forgotten Books, 2017.
This is a book that I found on Amazon, I have purchased it but have not finished researching it. In the description, it is described as be a full history of the education of women in Turkey including the educational inequality prevalent in the country.
Nohl, Arnd-Michael, and Arzu Akkoyunlu-Wigley. Education in Turkey. Munster: Waxmann, 2008.
This is a book about the history of education in Turkey which includes information about the inequality between male and female students. I found this one on Amazon though I have not fully read it yet, the description of the book is what pushed me to buy it.
Primary Sources
World Economic Forum. (2018). World Gender Gap – 2018. Switzerland: World Economic Forum.
This my first primary source that I will be getting information regarding ranking of education in Turkey from. This report is available online. It covers genders gaps in education, economics, health and politics.
Barro RJ, Lee J. International data on educational attainment: updates and implications. Oxford Economic Papers. 2001;53(3):541-563. doi:10.1093/oep/53.3.541.
This primary source is a report on educational attainment and the ways it can be corrected. It is in regards to many countries but Turkey is included.
Additional Source
Meltem Ucal, Mary Lou O’Neil & Sule Toktas (2015) Gender and the Wage Gap in Turkish Academia, Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 17:4, 447-464, DOI: 10.1080/19448953.2015.1063309
This report was found on the school’s library, it discusses gaps in inequality in Turkey, mainly in academia.
Hanioğlu, M. Ş. (2010). A Brief History of the Late Ottoman Empire. Princeton University Press.
I found this book online when I was searching for information on the Tanzimat Edict for a primary source. This gives a great history of the Ottoman Empire and discusses the Tanzimat inside it.
5
THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON INEQUALITY
Topic with Connections
Globalization is a phenomenon that can be traced back to the 15th century and attributed to the interconnectedness of diverse businesses and people across the globe. As much as globalization is praised for its positive impacts, it also has fueled undesirable effects. In Latin America, studies have shown that globalization has contributed to income inequality due to specialization. Globalization has encouraged countries to focus on industries that they can perform best, and invest in them. This way, there will exist a high demand for the highly skilled, with a ripple effect of low demand for skilled workers. Consequently, this leads to the highly skilled getting high income, with poor skilled having very income. Such that there exists a significant and abnormal disparity of income between these two groups of people.
Research Questions
1) Why does globalization push for specialization, which is attributed for inequalities witnessed?
2) How exactly does specialization create income inequality?
Historical Roots
Globalization has been in existence for more than a century now. To understand its roots, one has to carry out a historical analysis that goes beyond the physical details. Therefore this paper will carry out a research that dates back to 150 years ago. This will provide details on the issue and landscape of globalization.
Search Strategies
My search strategy was more specific and personalized. For the assignment, I had an overview of the content that I would need to include. I had broken down the whole paper into bits that would need a unique approach to answer.
For instance, on the two primary sources, I aimed to understand the concept of globalization and inequality, and narrow this down to a region. Therefore;
i) The first source – Introduce globalization and inequality with regards to income inequality.
ii) The second source – introduce a region that has and is still experiencing this inequality.
This was so throughout the paper.
I would type general topic phrases on Google search with a specification of whether I wanted a journal, a book or a news article. The databases that aided this assignment were google scholar for journals, google books for boos, and general search results for articles.
Sources with Annotations
Source Demonstrating that Globalization Affecting Inequality is a Current Issue
Berger, Nahuel. 2014. “Theorist Eric Maskin: Globalization Is Increasing Inequality”. World Bank.
https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2014/06/23/theorist-eric-maskin-globalization-is-increasing-inequality
.
This source from World Bank News gives a very simple explanation as given by Nobel Laureate Eric Maskin of how globalization causes inequality with regards to specialization, labor, and demand[footnoteRef:1]. [1: Berger, Nahuel. 2014. “Theorist Eric Maskin: Globalization Is Increasing Inequality”. World Bank. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2014/06/23/theorist-eric-maskin-globalization-is-increasing-inequality.
]
Murakami, Yoshimichi. 2018. “A Review Of Theoretical Developments And Recent Evidence”. Globalization And Income Inequality In Latin America. Nada: Kobe University.
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d578/3bc58d73345ca027a9e00e66edf0d6c6efcf
.
This article, from a report series of Globalization and Income Inequality In Latin America, gives a peek into how globalization has effected income inequality in the Latin America Region[footnoteRef:2]. [2: Murakami, Yoshimichi. 2018. “A Review Of Theoretical Developments And Recent Evidence”. Globalization and Income Inequality in Latin America. Nada: Kobe University. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d578/3bc58d73345ca027a9e00e66edf0d6c6efcf .
]
Two Journal Articles Addressing the Historical Roots of the Topic
Williamson, Jeffery G. 1997. “Globalization and Inequality, Past and Present”. The World Bank Research Observer 12 (2): 117 – 135.
http://scholar.google.com/scholar_url?url=http://weber.ucsd.edu/~jlbroz/Courses/Lund/syllabus/williamson_past &hl=en&sa=X&scisig=AAGBfm0TW0ngoM6Z-PSD5FenRMAaOm0mSA&nossl=1&oi=scholarr
The title of this journal article, was an indicator of its relevance in providing historical roots of the topic, Globalization and Inequality[footnoteRef:3]. [3: Williamson, Jeffery G. 1997. “Globalization and Inequality, Past and Present”. The World Bank Research Observer 12 (2): 117 – 135. http://scholar.google.com/scholar_url?url=http://weber.ucsd.edu/~jlbroz/Courses/Lund/syllabus/williamson_past &hl=en&sa=X&scisig=AAGBfm0TW0ngoM6Z-PSD5FenRMAaOm0mSA&nossl=1&oi=scholarr
]
O’Rourke, Kevin H. 2001. “Globalization and Inequality: Historical Trends”. Globalization 8339 (7): 1 – 40.
https://www.nber.org/papers/w8339
.
This journal article documents the trends of globalization and inequality over the past 150 years, therefore resourceful in giving the historical landscape of inequality rooted in globalization[footnoteRef:4]. [4: O’Rourke, Kevin H. 2001. “Globalization and Inequality: Historical Trends”. Globalization 8339 (7): 1 – 40. https://www.nber.org/papers/w8339 .
]
Two Books giving details on Globalization and Inequality
Agenor, Pierre Richard. 2002. Does Globalization Hurt The Poor?. Washington: World Bank.
This book gives a view on how globalization affects the poor in a country, with regards to income and life standards dating 18 years ago[footnoteRef:5]. [5: Agenor, Pierre Richard. 2002. Does Globalization Hurt The Poor?. Washington: World Bank.
]
Bourguignon, Francois. 2017. The Globalization of Inequality. Paris: Princeton University Press.
This book provides very important details on the issue of globalization, particularly giving a implication that there is a globalization the endorses inequality[footnoteRef:6].
[6: Bourguignon, Francois. 2017. The Globalization of Inequality. Paris: Princeton University Press.]
Bibliography
Azzimonti, Marina, Eva De Francisco, and Vincenzo Quadrini. “Financial Globalization, Inequality, and the Rising Public Debt.” American Economic Review 104, no. 8 (2014): 2267-2302.
Frankel, Jeffrey. “Do Globalization and World Trade Fuel Inequality?” The Guardian. 2018.
https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/jan/02/do-globalisation-and-world-trade-fuel-inequality
Nissanke, Machiko, and Erik Thorbecke. “Channels and Policy Debate in the Globalization-Inequality-Poverty Nexus.” In The Impact of Globalization on the World’s Poor. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.
THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON INEQUALITY
Topic with Connections
Globalization is a phenomenon that can be traced back to the
15
th
century and attributed
to the interconnectedness of diverse businesses and people across the globe.
A
s
much as
globalization is praised for its positive impacts,
it also has fueled undesirable effects. In Latin
America, studies hav
e shown that globalization has contributed
to income inequality due to
specialization.
G
lobalization
has encouraged countries to focus on industries that they can
perform best, and invest in them. This way, there will exist a hig
h demand for the highly skilled,
with a ripple effect of low
demand for
skilled workers.
C
on
sequently
,
this leads to the highly
skilled getting high income, with poor
skilled ha
ving very income.
S
uch
that there exis
ts a
significant
and abnormal
disparity of income between these
two groups of people.
Research Questions
1)
Why does globalization push for specialization
, which is attributed for
inequalities
witnessed
?
2)
How
exactly
does specialization create income i
nequality?
Historical Roots
Globalization has been in existence for more than a
centur
y
now.
To understand its roots, one
has to carry out a
historical
a
nalysis
that goes beyond the physical details
.
T
herefore
this
paper will carry out a research that dates back to 150 years ago.
T
hi
s
will provide details on
the issue and landscape of globalization.
THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON INEQUALITY
Topic with Connections
Globalization is a phenomenon that can be traced back to the 15
th
century and attributed
to the interconnectedness of diverse businesses and people across the globe. As much as
globalization is praised for its positive impacts, it also has fueled undesirable effects. In Latin
America, studies have shown that globalization has contributed to income inequality due to
specialization. Globalization has encouraged countries to focus on industries that they can
perform best, and invest in them. This way, there will exist a high demand for the highly skilled,
with a ripple effect of low demand for skilled workers. Consequently, this leads to the highly
skilled getting high income, with poor skilled having very income. Such that there exists a
significant and abnormal disparity of income between these two groups of people.
Research Questions
1) Why does globalization push for specialization, which is attributed for inequalities
witnessed?
2) How exactly does specialization create income inequality?
Historical Roots
Globalization has been in existence for more than a century now. To understand its roots, one
has to carry out a historical analysis that goes beyond the physical details. Therefore this
paper will carry out a research that dates back to 150 years ago. This will provide details on
the issue and landscape of globalization.