Case Study Analysis and Findings
The final assignment for this course is a Case Study Analysis and Findings. The purpose of the Case Study Analysis and Findings is for you to utilize the knowledge and skills developed in this course to evaluate the psychological methods and theoretical models of criminal behavior as well as the police psychology and the psychological aspects of all participants in the criminal justice process relative to a specific criminal episode. An overview of forensic psychology as it relates to the criminal justice process should be included.
This course has addressed issues of psychological theory and practice relative to the functioning of the criminal justice system. These impacts range from the offender, to law enforcement and investigations, to practices and legalities of law in the courtroom, to the participation and impact of victims and witnesses, and to treatment and sentencing rendered in the correctional environment. Research continues regarding the biological, genetic, psychological, and social impacts on mental health and resulting behavior. These findings will continue to find their way into the legal implications of the psychological influences on behavior.
The focus of your Case Study Analysis and Findings paper will be based, in large part, on the weekly assignments you completed throughout the course. In each of the weekly assignments, you address a particular aspect of the overall criminal case and offender that you selected in Week 1.
- In the Week 1 Literature Review assignment, you provide the resources necessary for each phase of your final analysis and findings.
- In the Week 2 Case Summary and Offender Profile assignment, you provide an analysis of the behavior of the offender relative to the psychological history and evaluation of the offender.
- In the Week 3 Investigative Psychology assignment, you provide an analysis of the behavior of the investigators including the analysis of the crime scene. This assignment also describes the psychological, behavioral, environmental, and cognitive factors that influence the investigation, including intervention strategies to reduce the impact of stress on law enforcement.
- In the Week 4 Legal Psychology and Victimization assignment, you provide a discussion on the role of the psychological profile of the offender and the victims have on the presentation of evidence in court, including the analysis of legal psychology as it is implemented in the criminal justice process.
- Finally, in the Week 5 Psychological Treatment in Correctional Settings assignment, you provide a discussion on the impacts the psychological make–up of offenders have on the functional responsibilities of incarceration facilities and how the biases and assumptions of correctional service providers influence their assessment of and interaction with these offenders.
Utilizing your research and analyses completed for the Weeks 1 through 5 assignments, consider the psychological methods and theoretical models of criminal behavior as well as the police psychology and the psychological aspects of all participants in the criminal justice process relative to the specific criminal episode selected in Week 1. Present your findings within the continuing context of the endogenous and exogenous theories of criminal behavior and the analysis of how our biases and assumptions influence our assessments of individuals. Correlate these to the cultural-based behavior patterns that may be specific to certain segments of the population with an evaluation of the potential impact and intervention strategies that may be utilized to reduce the impact of stress on law enforcement personnel.
In your Final Research Paper
- Evaluate the theory of criminal behavior related to the selected case.
- Analyze the biases and assumptions that influenced participants in the case process.
- Address each of these participants:
Investigators
Prosecutors
Defense attorney(s)
Jurors
Judge - Analyze the role the psychological profile of the offender played in how the investigation was conducted and in any subsequent court proceedings.
- Discuss the impact of this case on future actions and ideology of the criminal justice system relative to the psychological issues presented (or denied) in this case.
The Final Research Paper
- Must be seven double–spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Writing Center (Links to an external site.).
- Must include a separate title page with the following:
Title of paper
Student’s name
Course name and number
Instructor’s name
Date submitted - Must use at least eight reliable and scholarly sources in addition to the course texts.
- Must document all sources in APA style as outlined in the Writing Center.
- Must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Writing Center.
Runninghead: CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR 1
CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR 2
Criminal Behavior
Lisa Braden
CRJ 522: Psychological Factors in Criminal Justice
Professor Blake Lafond
December 13, 2021
Criminal Behavior
Introduction
A serial killer is an individual who kills more than three people, particularly in service of abnormal mental gratification with the homicides that occur greater than thirty days. He suffered from personality illnesses comprising antisocial personality and psychopathy. Criminals commit crimes and attain confidence and experience with a new crime while succeeding with few problems or mistakes. The case of Charles Manson shows that he suffered from personality disorders such as paranoid delusional illness, schizophrenia, and antisocial personality illness.
Case
Charles Manson was a criminal of the USA who led the Manson family and an alternative based in California (William, 2019). He was sentenced to first-degree murder and conspiracy to kill for the demises of 7 persons. He spent more than half of his life in correctional institutes. In 2012, he was deprived of releasing the 12th bail hearings (Reed, 2019). Panel at hearing examined that Manson had a history of regulating behavior and mental health problems comprising paranoid delusional illness and schizophrenia and was a risk to be released. The panel was examined as Manson had got about 108 laws violations and had no sign and insight of criminal factors that also lacked understanding of the criminal magnitude and had no callous and excellent disregard for suffering. In 2012, a parole hearing determined that he might not be reassessed for parole for about fifteen years, such as before 2027. At this time, he would be about 92 years old (Ali, 2021).
Personality Disorder
Hickey et al. (2018) researched to explore the psychopathy of Charles Manson. According to scholars, serial murder is a highly exaggerated criminal method because of its horrific and rarity nature. The documented acts date back to the Roman Empire, where social awareness of homicide has been intensified since the 1960s. The main objective of the research was to examine challenges and misconceptions related to serial murder and the relationship between psychopathy and Charles Manson (Hickey et al., 2018). The scholars state that Schizophrenia is a chronic disorder in the brain that affects not more than 1% in the USA. Once this disorder is active, these symptoms might comprise lack of incentive, issues with thinking, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and delusions. It was concluded that a serial murderer is supposed by various psychopaths (Travaglione, 2021). This resource greatly contributes to findings and research because it gives perfect proof of personality disorders in Charles Manson and more information on criminal behavior.
Ga et al. (2016) conducted a study to examine Charles Manson as a charismatic killer. According to scholars, traits of dual personality among various people perplex and captivate the audience from psychologists to professionals to regular citizens. The collocation of Manson has penetrated the criminal world. The article maintains a charismatic model to evaluate harmonies between serial killers in crime and charisma. Manson suffered from psychological disorders till childhood (Horras, 2021). He firstly committed a crime in the grocery store, and he was caught and then sent to the juvenile detection department. In 1969, Manson sodomized a boy while cutting the throat from the razor. It was concluded that insight into the effect of a community of children in adulthood (Ga et al., 2016). The article is very important for research and findings because it focuses on discussing the psychological illness of Manson in the USA.
Bishop (2020) researched to explore the limitation of destroyed religious aspects related to the presence of motivation for violence. The broad acceptance of motivations for violence includes the presence of similarities among features, including sexual homicide and cultic ferocity. The research examined the motivational applications of archival information to examine sixteen features of sexual homicide in Charles Manson. Mansion suffered delusional illness due to this; he stated what a face is and what is to be imagined. The research findings showed that Manson murdered the product of sexually-concerned fantasies of Manson and the desire of the Manson family to execute the imaginations by substitution (Bishop, 2020). It was concluded that Manson focuses probability that violence shows a sexual incentive and also endure to evaluate the probability of damaged spiritual trends.
Serial killers have been very common in the last decade, especially in the USA, and they committed crimes due to personality disorders. Schmidt (2020) researched to explore mental illness in the community as an outcome of fictional depictions of serial killer descriptions. The scholar’s psychology focuses on violence, indistinct serial killer, and mental illness exploitation (Robison-Greene, 2021). The report’s main goal was to highlight the audience and focus on using mental disorders to get lives with mental illness due to antisocial personality disorder (Schmidt, 2020). The murder trial of Manson was the long trail of murder in the history of the USA, as the trial was between exposed criminal cases of the USA while labeling the probationary of the century.
Conclusion
It is concluded that serial killers endure being deprived of being arrested and can become authorized that cannot be recognized. Killers might start to adopt shortcuts once obligating crimes. The killers also take more chances that result in recognition by rule enforcement. Schizophrenia is a common disorder in serial killers because this disease is featured by misrepresentations in the sensation of behavior, language, emotion, perception, and thinking. He was neglected in his childhood and started crimes at an early age. Therefore, failure develops enough coping procedures that result in violent behaviors.
References
Ali, S. (2021). Criminal minds: profiling architects of financial crimes. Journal of Financial Crime.
Bishop, B. N. (2020). Charismatic Leaders of Destructive Religious Cults: An Examination into the Unidentified Culprits of Sexual Homicide (Doctoral dissertation, California Baptist University).
Hickey, E. W., Walters, B. K., Drislane, L. E., Palumbo, I. M., & Patrick, C. J. (2018). Deviance at its darkest: Serial murder and psychopathy.
Horras, C. (2021). Robin Hood: The Greenwood’s Reaper.
Reed, A. (2019). Female Serial Killers: Establishing a More Accurate Profile Based on Empirical Evidence (Doctoral dissertation, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology).
Robison-Greene, R. (2021). Creation, Destruction, and the Ethics of “Murderabelia.” The Prindle Post.
GA, W., Ochoa, N., & Nielsen, L. (2016) The Making of a Charismatic Killer.
Schmidt, C. (2020). Society’s View of Mental Illness as a Result of Fictionalized Portrayals of Serial Killer Narratives.
Travaglione, A. (2021). A Golden Age Turned Red: America’s Obsession with Serial Murder in the 1950s and 1960s (Doctoral dissertation, College of Charleston).
Williams, A. (2019). Shockingly Evil: The Cruel Invasive Appropriation and Exploitation of Victims’ Publicity Rights in the True Crime Genre. J. Intell. Prop. L., 27, 303.
Runninghead:
Forensic Psychology
1
Forensic Psychology |
2 |
Jeffery Dahmer Criminal investigation
Lisa Braden
CRJ 522: Psychological Factors in Criminal Justice
Professor Blake Lafond
December 21, 2021
Jeffery Dahmer Criminal investigation
Psychological history and evaluation of the offender
The following assignment is based on the case analysis of Jeffery Dahmer, who is also known as Milwaukee Cannibal because of his affinity for human meat. Jeffery Dahmer was a famous sexual offender and serial killer responsible for the death of approximately 17 men and boys between 1978-1991. Eventually, Dahmer was convicted for 15 of these murders and got life sentences in 1992 after being classified as mentally able to participate in a trial. It is essential to have a psychological evaluation of Dahmer, who was born in 1960; he was suffering from a borderline personality disorder.
The criminal mental state was the real culprit that caused him to preserve the body parts of his victims, participating in necrophilia and digesting their body parts. The case received worldwide attention because of the sheer insanity and lurid details that came along with it. However, Dahmer could only spend two years inside the jail because he got killed by his fellow inmate Christopher Scarver. The following assignment is based on the concepts studied in the course and Curtis R. Bartol’s book.
Analysis of the behavioral, psychological, and environmental factors
According to experts, the behavioral outcomes in the cases were the results of specific activities that happened throughout the childhood of Dahmer. In this particular case, Dahmer seemed to be an average child until he recovered from his hernia surgery at the age of 6. When he was 8, Dahmer’s parents realized that he was having issues developing social relationships and participating in combined events (Havela, 2020). In simple words, ever since Dhamer was a child, he was withdrawn, aloof, and did not like to participate in the conversation. When Dahmer reached the age of 13, he further developed issues with alcohol that led him to have schism with his father, and he was also kicked out of the army because of his alcoholism issues. Although Dahmer never killed any animal when he was younger, but he used to strip the skin of animals from roadkill and other various dead animals.
Dahmer was also famous in his school for being a strange child who was often involved in prankish behavior. After three weeks from graduation from high school, Dahmer killed his first victim. It is essential to understand the behavior of Dhamer under “Psychology of crime and delinquency” being discussed in the book. According to scholars, it is a science of the mental and behavioral processes of juvenile and adult offenders.
Summarization of psychological history in the case
The way Dahmer killed his first victim shows the condition of his mental state. Dahmer killed 18 years old Steven Hicks when he was hitchhiking and lured by Dahmer to his home under the influence of alcohol. When Hick was leaving, Dahmer attacked him with 10 pounds of dumbbell; he then masturbated over his body and cut the remains of his body. Dahmer burned Hick’s flesh and smashed his bones before burying them under his house. During the investigation, Dahmer agreed that he had always had sexual fantasies of domination since he was 16, but he never thought of following these fantasies before this incident. According to concepts discussed in the course, the book, and the detailed analysis of the case. Dahmer had not experienced any risk issue in his life as he was brought up in a secure and loving environment until his parents got divorced and he dropped out of high school. Dahmer had suffered from any actual barrier in his well-being and health other than what he brought for his anti-social behavior. Dahmer’s fascination with animals was odd, but he claimed that it started after he was asked to remove den of rodents by his father when he was 10.
Most serial killers start Killin with animals before getting their hands on Killin humans. Moreover, these serial killers experience traumatic events or events in their childhood that lead them into developing such behavior (Bartol & Bartol, 2019). However, in Dahmer’s case, he does not fit this profit. However, he does demonstrate traits of killing people for his sexual excitement as he normally sexually abuses people before strangling them to have a sense of control and power while killing them. For example, he used to drill holes in his victim’s heads and damage their brain with acid to have a way of preserving his control.
Evaluation of any psychological influence in the case
Dahmer was diagnosed with a borderline personality disorder reflected from his antisocial behavior. In Dahmer’s case, he used to feel lonely after his hernia surgery, and he could never recover from it mentally. He could not develop relationships and could not even make eye contact with people that increased the lack of association for him. The excessive use of alcohol is another essential determination of his mental illness, as many people with mental illness are addicted. Ultimately, lack of treatment and mental illness Lear Dahmer becomes a mass murderer. He enjoyed the feeling of power, control, and sexual fulfillment. Dahmer further said he could not feel like stopping, another important indicator of mental illness.
Mental health referral and identification of psychological issues
Despite many diagnoses from the psychologist, including substance use disorder, borderline personality disorder, psychotic disorder, substance use disorder, necrophilia, and schizotypal personality disorder, Dahmer was never found NGRI. It was because he comprehended the moral and legal wrongfulness for his steps and acts to hide his crimes. Police found two heads in his refrigerator, four torsos in a receptacle and two torsos in the freezer, around seven Bodies with skin completely stripped off. “The police also found a shrine that Dahmer said he used to honor his offerings.”
The court argued that Dahmer used to drink before killing his victims to prove that he had complete control over himself as he used to decide to consume. Dahmer also said that he had no memory of killing his victim’s ad he only wanted to drug and sexually assault them. According to Ted Cahill, Dahmer’s extreme homosexual Daniel was also responsible for his crimes. Dahmer wished to eliminate any homosexual shame by committing these crimes. He further said that his internalized homophobia may have contributed to his violent acts against any men that he deemed attractive (Silva, 2002). One strange thing about Dahmer’s crimes is that he never intended to hide his crimes; he told inside that there is no point in hiding his crimes. The behavior is also different from regular Criminal profiling because one famous serial killer Ted Bunty tried to hide his crimes.
Conclusion
In conclusion, it can be said that the assignment is based on the concepts of forensic psychology discussed in the book written by Bartol and the course material. The selected case is unique because Dahmer never faced any childhood trauma. Still, his anti-social behavior and shame from his homosexual tendencies forced him into committing these heinous crimes. The case is one of the most known cases in the history of the USA. It can be concluded that specific psychological patterns can be seen from the case. So, it can be said that various factors contributed behind criminal behavior of Dharmen including his addiction for alcohol. Moreover, Dharmen anti-social behavior also made him look for power over other.
References
Bartol A., & Bartol C. (2019). Introduction to forensic psychology: Research and application (5th ed.). Sage Publications, Inc.
Havela, S. (2020, October 25). Into The Forensic Psychology Of Jeffrey Dahmer And His Crimes. Retrieved from Study Breaks: https://studybreaks.com/thoughts/dahmer/
Silva, J. A. (2002). Case of Jeffrey Dahmer: Sexual Serial Homicide from a Neuropsychiatric Developmental Perspective. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 1347-1359.
Running head: INVESTIGATIVE PSYCHOLOGY 1
INVESTIGATIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2
Investigative Psychology
Lisa Braden
CRJ 522: Psychological Factors in Criminal Justice
Professor Blake Lafond
January 10, 2022
Investigative Psychology
Investigative psychology is defined as an application that helps in the criminal investigation process; investigate psychology helps retrieve information or data from the crime scene and helps in deciding the given data and, in the end, applies in analyzing the criminal behavior. The paper focuses on examining the criminal investigators and how assumptions and biases affect the evaluation of people and comprehends mental profiling in law enforcement.
The behavior of Criminal Investigator
During the evaluation of crime scenes, investigators get involved in protecting and securing crimes and gathering proof from incidents, post-mortems, and crime scenes. The investigators are also called forensic scene investigators and crime officers (Poyser, 2021). These investigators are accountable for overseeing tentative agents’ appropriate storage, administration, handling, and obliteration. These roles are vicarious to the properly authorized person, where the investigator also plays an important role to sustain the ultimate role. Investigators also play an important role to confirm the investigation for securing the welfare, safety, and rights of subjects beneath the care of the investigator and the regulation of drugs beneath the investigation.
The criminal investigator also testifies in law courts regarding evidence and findings, coordinated arrest warrants and search, collected proof and made conclusions and decisions by retaining logical analysis and reasoning, and examined complicated criminal actions or state, federal, and local rules violations. Best criminal investigators must remain conscious of their thinking and remain at the intentional procedure. Investigators should be capable of eloquent the thinking procedure and lay the proof that is considered to find conclusion according to decision making procedure (Brimbal, 2021). They also collect proof, examine crimes, interview observers, and arrest defendants.
Effect of Psychological, Behavioral, Environmental, and Cognitive factors on Investigation
The psychological factors that influence the criminal investigation include the association of criminality to cognitive illness, inherent personality qualities, violence, and aggression. Other factors include deviant behavior, lack of self-control, aggressive behavior, depression, and mental illness (Matsumoto, 2021). Psychology is crucial in criminal investigation, as it explains an association between characteristics and behavior of offenders and helps investigators in case of what and where kind of individual to search for. Behavioral factors that affect the criminal investigation include substance abuse, pessimistic social environment, negative experiences of childhood, and medical risk factors.
Substance abuse and criminal behavior are connected, as some intoxicants negatively influence decision-making and self-control. People frequently get worried, as they don’t introduce a method according to wrong or right thinking. Various environmental factors affect the criminal investigation, as it participates in violence and juvenile crime comprising permissive and violent family members, criminal peers, and unbalanced regions. Moreover, the cognitive factors influencing the investigation include antisocial performance and enhanced danger for violence. Cognitive bias includes various outlines for nonconformity from rational thinking. These biases can be risky once examining a crime that can collect the worst kind of proof while recognizing the bad individual accountable for risk.
Psychological profile
The role of the psychological profile of the offender in the investigation of court proceedings is to make evaluations of perpetrators to focus on competency to stand provisional (Akca, 2021). Psychology profiling includes a technique of suspect recognition that also finds the recognition of personality, emotional and mental characteristics based on things complete or left at the crime scene. Behavior constancy is a technique that shows that crimes of criminals are often the same as each other. The chief psychological evidence behind profiling is that there would be a continuation between the ways criminals work at the crime scene. Offender profiling help to convict, apprehend, and recognize the unknown. Psychological profiles keep various traits, which manual the investigators to decide whether someone can dedicate the crime. Police can decide the functionality of someone committing the crime and their reasons for committing the crime. Sometimes they will not be particularly powerful places that offer crucial records about someone. Therefore, the culprit’s profile is turned into determining their abilities and reasons for committing the crime. The records may be utilized in courtroom docket court cases to persuade the jury and judges that the individual dedicated the crime.
Influence of biases and assumptions
Almost all human beings of this world of a different race, cast, and crude have a common thing: all of these people judge other people based on their first appearance, characteristics, and numerous other factors (Campbell, 2021). Such judgments are mere assumptions and biased because one has to realize or recognize someone so they may be capable of choosing them. These biases are bad and feature a bad impact on tests of people with inside-the-crook justice. Bias is not an unusual place inside the cutting-edge society. The bias, which includes racism, has created quite a few injustices wherein humans were wrongfully murdered or sentenced via way of means of police officers. Bias can lead us to do incorrect reviews that aren’t genuine and affect our judgment. People have to keep away from making assumptions and most effectively base their judgment on concrete help or backing that allows them to get the proper results.
Cultural-based behavior patterns
In the whole world, many cultures exist, different kinds of people believe in different religions. In the United States of America, there are numerous religions followed by different kinds of individuals. Because of having different religions, every person has numerous perceptions of how they should approach different things. These people also have different opinions on how different things should be done. For illustration, many cultures allow them to carry a weapon with them so that they can defend themselves. Doing this can be dangerous because such a person has a bad assumption about individuals when that person interacts with people.
Such assumptions result in making negative selections that include taking pictures of harmless people. Most of this is associated with mental profiling, wherein an officer will suspect a man or woman sporting a weapon. Such profiling has caused instances of racism inside the pressure whereby innocents had been wrongly arrested or shot at virtually because they were diagnosed with positive cultures. That is why there are bad behaviors and impacts cultural-based behavior patterns specific to certain segments of the population impact these biases and assumptions, particularly relative to psychological profiling in law enforcement.
Conclusion
It is concluded that it is important to analyze the investigator’s behavior, which includes the crime scene analysis, and every factor should be considered that can influence the investigation. The psychological factors that influence the criminal investigation include the association of criminality to cognitive illness, inherent personality qualities, violence, and aggression. These all things are important in investigative psychology.
References
Akca, D. L. (2021). Assessing the efficacy of investigative interviewing training courses: A systematic review. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 73-84. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/14613557211008470
Brimbal, L. C. (2021). “Evaluating the benefits of a rapport-based approach to investigative interviews: A training study with law enforcement investigators.”. Law and Human Behavior 45, no. 1, 55. Retrieved from https://psycnet.apa.org/journals/lhb/45/1/55/
Campbell, M. R. (2021). Is discrimination widespread? Testing assumptions about bias on a university campus. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 756. Retrieved from https://psycnet.apa.org/journals/xge/150/4/756/
Matsumoto, D. &. (2021). An initial investigation into the nature and function of rapport in investigative interviews. Applied Cognitive Psychology. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/acp.3825
Poyser, S. &. (2021). The time in between a case of ‘wrongful and ‘rightful conviction in the UK: Miscarriages of justice and the contribution of psychology to reforming the police investigative process. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 5-16. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/14613557211006134
Running Head: LEGAL PSYCHOLOGY AND VICTIMIZATION 1
LEGAL PSYCHOLOGY AND VICTIMIZATION 2
Legal Psychology and Victimization
Lisa Braden
CRJ 522: Psychological Factors in Criminal Justice
Professor Blake Lafond
January 18, 2022
Introduction
Criminal psychology is one of the rising disciplines in the justice system. There is no doubt that psychology does play a crucial role in every discipline of life. However, the specialists are also known as forensic psychologists or criminal profilers within the criminal justice system. Psychology, like law, are two constituted disciplines. They each have their objects, logic, scientific and practical corpus, researchers, and practitioners. Each of these fields of knowledge has its resources and factors of progress and tends to evolve independently. It seems, however, that elements likely to favor the development of psychology and law or, more modestly, to improve their office could be found by each of these disciplines in the other. The impression becomes stronger when one considers that the law can also be understood as a science and psychology as an instrument for regulating individual conduct. The report discusses the role of criminal psychology and psychologists in profiling criminals and helping in determining sentences.
Analysis and findings
Initiated at the end of the 19th century, particularly under the French psychologist Alfred Binet (1857-1911), the study of the relationship between psychology and the law found particular illustration in the medical and penal fields. Numerous works have thus been devoted to the subject in Europe and across the Atlantic (psychology and law, psycho-legal studies, legal psychology, forensic psychology, etc.). The discipline consists of the systematic study of the relations between psychology and law, understood broadly.
The role of the psychological profile of the offender and the victim
New York, 1956. For sixteen years, the police have been unsuccessfully tracking down a bomber terrorizing the city. Distraught, the investigators turned to psychiatrist James Brussel. By analyzing the letters sent by the author of the explosions and basing himself on his knowledge of the psychology of the criminals, the doctor establishes a profile. The wanted man lives in a northern suburb of the city; he is of Slavic origin, he has never had a girlfriend, has had problems with his hierarchy and will wear a closed double-breasted jacket at his arrest. George Metesky is quickly identified as the perpetrator. This is one of the thousands of examples now that shows the role of criminal psychologists in understanding and arresting offenders (Bartol & Bartol, 2018).
The profilers help the police in determining the mental state of the criminals. They also help in evaluating their circumstances and understanding them. For forensic psychologists, criminals are more than just the people who committed a crime. They want to understand the offenders, their reasons for committing a crime and the circumstances leading to their crimes.
The contribution of the psychological dimension to criminal investigations came late. In the early 2000s, the gendarmerie created a department of behavioral sciences. In 2009, the police took the plunge in turn with the integration of psychologists within the Central Office for the Suppression of Violence against Persons (OCRVP). Far from the clichés conveyed by the series and their profilers whose gifts sometimes border on the supernatural, psycho-criminology is a complex subject. Profiling techniques are only one aspect of this discipline. Their job as these specialists is to bring another look by studying the psychological factors and processes of criminal action (Petherick, 2020).
Role of psychologists in sentencing (jury and court cases)
The criminal profilers have an obligation to protect the rights of each client they see. The contribution of psycho-criminology does not stop at the time of the investigation. The issue of follow-up and probation of people placed in justice, or crime prevention are all important areas of study for which the discipline wants to introduce another perspective. For example, with regard to the prevention of domestic violence, the procedures used are not at all suitable. There is no consideration of the complex object that is this violence. Although each crime is different, our knowledge of enactment processes can help us anticipate. Research and work in criminology show us that forensic psychologists intervene when the author finds himself in a kind of impasse (Bartol & Bartol, 2019).
Thus, during a court trial or jury, the role of the psychologists is in getting the right sentences. This can help decide if an offender is mentally challenged or a psychopath, who makes a huge difference (Crighton & Towl, 2015). In addition to allowing the understanding of criminals, the psychologists help the victims’ families. They help them cope with the crime and make peace with the situation.
“The impact of the crime on the victim’s mental health is often greater than any material consequences. Lost possessions can be replaced, and a broken leg can heal in months, but the psychological wounds remain. Research indicates that rape victims show more post-traumatic psychological symptoms than victims of other types of violence or property crimes” (Ruback, & Thompson, 2001). However, the reaction to victimization depends not only on the seriousness of the crime but also on the situation of the victim and his perception of the event.
All the work carried out on jury decision-making shows the difficulty, in view of the multiple influencing factors at stake, of understanding it completely and correctly for researchers and participating in it serenely for practitioners. This difficulty is particularly significant for jurors who have to process and integrate a large volume of information, as legal information is not always well understood by them, as many researchers and justice professionals point out (Gudjonsson, & Haward, 2016). Added to this cognitive load is also an emotional load linked to the facts exposed during the trial and the legal obligation to deliver justice while often feeling that they do not have the competence to do so.
Conclusion and Discussion
Overall, criminal psychology plays a role in understanding the offenders, victims, and their sentencing. Since the past few decades, forensic psychologists have been getting more involved in the criminal justice system. Psycho-criminology is certainly an undeniable aid to the investigation but be careful not to expect too much. The myth of the psychologist who arrives at the crime scene and will, in three sentences, determine the culprit only exists in the series, with either a total rejection on the investigators’ part or the feeling that the psychologist is a kind of magician. Faced with a subject as sensitive as justice and security, ideological divisions prevent genuine reflection. The psycho-criminological analysis shows that all is not black or white. The work of the psychologist is not to excuse, of course, but to better understand to allow justice to have a fairer answer. Finally, considering the psychological aspect brings back humanity, which everyone does not accept.
References
Bartol A., & Bartol C. (2019). Introduction to forensic psychology: Research and application (5th ed.). Sage Publications, Inc.
Bartol, C. R., & Bartol, A. M. (2018). Introduction to forensic psychology: Research and application. Sage Publications.
Crighton, D. A., & Towl, G. J. (2015). Forensic psychology. John Wiley & Sons.
Gudjonsson, G. H., & Haward, L. R. (2016). Forensic psychology: A practice guide. Routledge.
Petherick, W. (2020). Forensic victimology in child sexual abuse. In Child Sexual Abuse (pp. 161-178). Academic Press.
Ruback, R. B., & Thompson, M. P. (2001). Social and psychological consequences of violent victimization. Sage.
Running Head: PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENT 1
PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENT IN CORRECTIONAL SETTING 2
Psychological treatment in a correctional setting
Lisa Braden
CRJ 522: Psychological Factors in Criminal Justice
Professor Blake Lafond
January 24, 2022
Psychological Treatment in Correctional Setting
Psychological treatment is a talking remedy geared toward converting the wandering styles of a person to enhance their coping capabilities and place them in a higher role of handling the demanding situations of lifestyles because of pressure and conflict. The therapy is likewise influential in disposing of the bad mind and triggering the graduation of conduct alternately. Psychological treatment is a vital detail in correctional facilities; it allows prisoners to conduct alternate, consequently lowering recidivism. Prison lifestyles may be the maximum difficult occasion of an individual’s existence as their each day stories quickly turn round, consequently affecting each their bodily and physiological being. Adaptation to the brand new surroundings has never been smooth for an inmate, no matter the lifestyles they have been leading before arrest. Prisons are connected to all sorts of torture might also additionally or not it’s to the frame or thoughts of the people are involved.
The psychological makeup of offenders
The offender in an imprisonment capability has various motives for their arrest; what they assume isn’t always similar. The traits displayed inside the facility via means of the offenders range from slight to bizarre behaviors, which have a massive effect on the position of prison (Mittal, 2021). The number one position of correctional capability is a departure of harmless residents from criminals. Other roles encompass grueling rehabilitation and offenders, especially in juvenile prisons. The temperament of a wrongdoer has been somewhat effective at the final results of the jobs of the correctional capability. The intellectual or bodily sensing of a person will react differently whilst uncovered to the instruments used to put in force the jobs of the correctional capability.
The factors that encourage motion and response in a person are the number one additives of mental make-up; they generally tend to steer how the man or woman behaves. The intellectual issue in figuring out how to react to the incentive will either enhance or derail the paintings of correctional capability agents. Correcting conduct via chastisement is one approach that doesn’t cope nicely with the motion response-motivating issue. However, the mental makeup can also range from one offender to every other. The violent response to a single person’s approach can also display a contrary response in every other man or woman (Miller, 2021).
Correctional service providers
Correctional centers offer a system that can accommodate human beings of diverse societal behaviors. This suggests that the system must be bendy sufficient to perform that function. Correctional carrier providers should waft the changes. In instances in which the provider vendors have assumptions concerning the offenders, it will be hard to recognize the purpose of the inmate’s behavior (Ostermann, 2021). Knowing the motives at the back of their behavior enables designing the ideal strategies of assisting the perpetrator extrude their character. The assumptions held might not follow all of the prisoners; therefore, it’ll best be a waste of time if carried out uniformly.
Some correctional provider carriers follow the strategies from a biased front; they prefer a few offenders. Such a state of affairs can also additionally prevent the manner of rehabilitating the prisoners. The second different offenders will understand that the provider carrier’s deal with them with lesser equality in comparison to their opposite numbers then the offerings may be meaningless to them, in worst instances they’ll react violently to expose protest for the biases in provider provision to them(Zendo, 2021). Assumptions and biases affect the connection between the provider carriers and the offenders. Assumptions additionally make the provider carriers increase the incorrect perceptions approximately the prisoners.
Assumptions and Biases
The theories of criminal conduct dictate the effects that could arise from inside the man or woman or from outdoor elements. The endogenous elements are frequently distinct from one man or woman to another, even as the exogenous elements follow all criminals from a trendy scope with distinct people showing distinct ranges of influence. Assumptions are frequently constituted of outside elements; however, the inner influencers are extra essential than the social ones. When carrier companies lay out the assumptions, they simply have the outside elements in mind; however, at the utility component, the endogenous conduct inflicting elements are more dominant than the exogenous ones, which means that the process can fail.
Biases, however, have bad consequences on the culprit evaluation technique (Zhang, 2021). The biases might be that the culprit spends more time with unique offenders than others or gives satisfactory offerings to a given organization compared to the others. When the correctional carrier companies exercise bias in their activities, the intellectual method to criminal behavior will no longer enjoy any change. Instead, it can cause worse types of criminal conduct with correctional capability.
Findings
The findings of the sociological technique are to recognize criminal conduct, which contains the reviewing of things that includes family, peer group, and cultural values. The cultural technique to criminal conduct is attributed to dissociating a character from cultural values. Society has advanced an addiction to judging human activities that are considered dangerous to the coexistence of people. The behavior styles in society have furnished diverse approaches for making sure that the incidence of negative behaviors is reduced. Societal norms supplement the techniques installed location to manipulate pressure amongst regulation enforcers. The cultures tend to lessen the criminal activity rate by instilling areas inside the society members. Proper utility of the regulation without bias or inappropriate assumptions is prime to a terrific dating with the offenders, accordingly lowering pressure.
Conclusion
It is concluded that Psychological treatment is an important interest in correctional accommodations. The first attention in progressing the career of offenders is knowing their mental make-up. The traits displayed inside the facility via way of means of the offenders range from slight to bizarre behaviors, which have a massive effect on the position of prison. The number one position of correctional capability is a departure of harmless residents from criminals. Other roles encompass grueling rehabilitation and offenders, especially in juvenile prisons. The temperament of a wrongdoer has been somewhat effective at the final results of the jobs of the correctional capability. The prisons must split accurate residents from criminals and accurately conduct the conduct of the criminals. On the other hand, assumptions and biases advanced through the correctional overhauled vendors are a huge obstacle to accomplishing the obligation of the correctional accommodations.
References
Miller, W. T. (2021). The contribution of static and dynamic factors to recidivism prediction for Black and White youth offenders. International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0306624X211022673
Mittal, S. S. (2021). Role of psychological make-up in psychological rehabilitation of acid attack victims. Journal of interpersonal violence, 23-24. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0886260520905100
Ostermann, M. &. (2021). Parole Officer Decision-Making Before Parole Revocation: Why Context Is Key When Delivering Correctional Services.Parole Officer Decision-Making Before Parole Revocation: Why Context Is Key When Delivering Correctional Services. Criminal Justice Policy Review. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/08874034211035494
Zendo, S. D. (2021). Health Access of Women in Provincial Correctional Institutions. Social Work in Public Health, 232-245. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19371918.2020.1864556
Zhang, J. C. (2021). Assessing the reliability of wind power operations under a changing climate with a non-Gaussian bias correction. The Annals of Applied Statistics, 1831-1849. Retrieved from https://projecteuclid.org/journals/annals-of-applied-statistics/volume-15/issue-4/Assessing-the-reliability-of-wind-power-operations-under-a-changing/10.1214/21-AOAS1460.short