Part I Attached .similarity less than 20%
1.
Assignment #2
Technology Project pertinent to their practice environment
THIS WEEK DUE PART II AND THOSE TO SUBMIT THE ENTIRE PROJECT (PAPER) . PART I ALREADY WITH CORRECTIONS SUGGESTED, IF ANY, AND PART II
Grading Criteria for Assignments #1 & 2
Technology Project Paper Part 1 (20 points of grade)
Technology Project Paper Part 2 (20 points of grade)
Student to identify a Technology Project pertinent to their practice environment. This proposal must include:
Executive Summary; Description of Project; Rationale Topic chosen; Research-supported by evidenced based recent literature; Project Clinical Goals & Objectives; Market/Financial Project Analysis;
Plan for Evaluation; Plan for Alternative Assumptions & Strategies.
Include how this project is applicable to the present Healthcare system in terms of the issues of healthcare access, quality & cost. Include 2 MSN Essentials.
Minimum 10 pages, double spaced,
Maximum 15 pages, double spaced, APA format.
Part 1:
• Identify Topic of Project Proposal (2 points)
• Description of project & Background Discussion (5 points)
• Goals & Objectives & Significance discussion (5 points)
• Include evidenced based research to support paper, at least three (5 points)
• Overall: Focused, Ideas with clarity, Overall compliance with grammar & APA 6th format (3 points). Include cover page and reference used on part I
Part 2:
*10 pages, double spaced, APA format style including cover and reference pages
• Financial Proposal analysis (4 points)
• Alternative plan of actions (4 points)
• Proposed project plan to include: (8 points)
o Project activities
o Timeline
o Budget
o Evaluation Plan
• Executive Summary at end of project (4 points)
Top of Form
Runninghead:
ASSIGNMENT 2
ASSIGNMENT 2
Technology Project Paper Part 1
Alina Rivero Paret
Health Care Informatics
MSN Program
Florida National University
January 29, 2022
Healthcare delivery is always focused on the safety and well-being of the patients. The well-being of the patients is achieved by reducing some of the preventable errors, for example, medication errors. Various interventions have been used to ensure that preventable health issues are addressed. Some of the evidence-based interventions that have been adopted have revolved around technology use. Healthcare technology has undergone rapid adoption and increase in the healthcare sector. They have made healthcare delivery processes easier and overcome healthcare issues such as medication errors. Some healthcare technologies increasingly used for service delivery are telemedicine, electronic health information, and computerized physician order entry (CPOEs) (Alanazi, 2020). Therefore, this paper focuses on the technology project pertinent to the practice environment. In this case, the project involves the role of the CPOEs in addressing medication errors within healthcare facilities.
Description of the Project
A medication error refers to the preventable events that occur due to unsuitable medication use or harm to the patient. In contrast, the medication procedure is performed by the provider, client, or consumer as per the National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention. Medication errors is a common issue within the medication-use system, for example, during the prescription of the drugs after the information is entered into the computer system. The medication errors also occur during dispensation or preparation of the medication and when the drug is given or taken by the patient. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reports that over 100,000 cases linked to suspected medication errors are reported (Alanazi, 2020). The preventable medication errors lead to life-threatening circumstances, deaths, hospitalization, disability, and congenital disabilities.
Therefore, the project’s focus is to help offer a technological solution towards reducing the reported incidences of medication errors and their associated adverse effects. The technological approach that applies to this situation is the CPOEs. It is defined as the procedure that involves the entry of medical providers’ instructions for treating the patients. It is also considered an application that allows healthcare employees to utilize computers to direct medical orders (Shahmoradi et al., 2020). This technology is paired with other systems such as the clinical decision support system (CDSS) to prevent medication errors during the ordering and dispensing.
The rationale for the Topic Chosen
The FDA is seeking ways of preventing medication errors. Before the approval of the medication for marketing purposes, the FDA is reviewing the names of the drug, the labeling, packaging, and the design of the drug to help in the identification and revision of the information that is likely to cause medication errors. After the approval of the medication, the FDA is also involved in the monitoring and assessment of the medication error reports (Shahmoradi et al., 2020). They advise revising the labeling, labels, packaging, and designing of the product’s proprietary name to ensure a reduction of medication errors.
At the facility or individual level, patients and providers are required to ensure that adequate measures are put in place to address the issue of medication errors. The focus of healthcare delivery is the safety and well-being of the patients. Therefore, it is essential to ensure that safety and quality practices are encouraged to ensure that patients are receiving quality services. The reason for choosing the role of the technology through the adoption of CPOEs in the reduction of medication errors is due to the significant concern associated with the adverse impacts of the medication errors (Srinivasamurthy et al., 2021). Even though technologies such as CPOEs and other critical evidence-based interventions are available, there is an available gap in their practical implementation. The gaps in the implementation of these technologies are also brought by the lack of knowledge, skills, and resources to support the implementation process of the technology like the CPOEs.
Many healthcare facilities have little revenue to adapt to technological changes. The lack of informaticists in some healthcare facilities makes it hard for the providers to help implement the proposed evidence-based intervention. As a result, there has been an increase in the issues such as deaths, congenital disabilities, disability, hospitalization, and life-threatening circumstances (Srinivasamurthy et a., 2021). The adoption of technology such as the CPOE will help in making sure a drop in the reported incidence of medication errors during prescription, entry of information into the computer system, preparation of medication, the dispensation of the medication, and when the medication is given to or taken by the client.
Research supported by the evidence-based recent literature.
Providing healthcare to patients and preventing complications are some of the significant areas of concern by the providers. The CPEOs, together with the decision support system, is anticipated to help deliver various benefits. The decision support system can assist clinicians, clients, and other healthcare providers propose patient-appropriate evidence-based treatment options. Shahmoradi et al. (2020) perfumed a cross-sectional study using the minimum data set of client records as the client profile within the system, listing of the drugs, and the functional needs of the CPOEs system for the diabetic clients. The authors concluded that the CPOEs system needs to have reduced errors in terms of documentation and offer information on the allergies, the drug-drug interaction, and the potential side effects of the medication prescribed promptly. This is important in reducing errors, drug errors, physician efficiency, clients’ satisfaction, and promoting quality healthcare services.
Technology is also playing an essential role in the decision-making process; for example, CPOEs aids the successful process of clinical decision support system (CDSS). Moghadam et al. (2021) carried out a systematic review using a database search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane articles published from 2005 to 2019. The outcome of this study shows the positive outcomes of the use of the CDSS. This is based on the vital features of the CDSS, for example, being user-friendly, compliance with the clinical guidelines, making it easier for the clients and the providers to work as a team, supporting the actions that involves the integration of the medical records, the pharmaceutical system, and physician’s consideration in the assessment of the role of CDSS alerts and real-time alerts when prescribing.
Information technology is commonly utilized in healthcare firms to minimize medical errors. It is also used to enhance quality of health services. Hayavi-haghighi et al. (2021) investigated the nurses’ perceptions of the role of the CPOEs in reducing nursing errors. The authors adopted the descriptive-analytical technique. The study’s outcome shows that the study participants believe that the role of nurses in medication errors impacts the safety of the clients. The participants also believe that CPOEs are impacting medication errors. Therefore, the nurses’ perception dramatically impacts the patients’ overall healthcare and safety outcomes.
According to Srinivasamurthy et al. (2021), the implementation of the CPOEs is amongst the strategies used to reduce medication errors. The author aimed at collecting, collating, and performing a systemic review of the research studies to help assess the effects of the CPOEs on the incidences of chemotherapy-associated medication errors (CMEs). The author searched for the articles published from January 1995 to August 2019 using the English language. The study’s outcome reveals the consistent drop in the CMEs following the implementation of the CPOEs except for one study that indicated a rise in the CMEs.
In the study by Alanazi (2020), the focus was to assess the effects of the CPOEs on mortality rate among inpatient pediatric and neonatal care settings. According to the article, numerous studies have confirmed the effectiveness of the CPOEs in detecting and preventing medication errors. The author performed a search process for all the English literature that appeared to be critical to the effect of the CPOE on the mortality rate. The outcome of the study reveals that CPOE can offer instructions to physicians.
According to the Institute of Medicine, about 7,000 lives are lost every year due to medication errors. The CPOE is amongst the interventions proposed to help address the issue of medication errors. Abraham et al. (2021) conducted a systematic review (SRs) to help characterize the cumulative impacts of the CPOE use for ordering of the drug within clinical settings. The author performed a literature search using a database such as Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane to identify the published SRs from 12 February 2018. The search for the SRs focused on the impacts of the CPOE application for drug orders (Alanazi, 2020). The pooled studies from the SRs reveal that application of the CPOE leads to a statistical drop in medication errors and adverse events.
Project clinical goals and objectives
The success of this project is guided by the specific objective of ensuring that there is an overall reduction in the reported rates of medication errors after the specific period of technology implementation. The chosen intervention to help in achieving this specific intervention is the CPOE. In this project, it is expected that this evidence-based intervention will help reduce medication errors which is a significant concern. Other objectives that guide the implementation of the project include improvement in the quality and safety of patients while in the facility; reduction in the number of hospital stay caused by the preventable medication errors; reduction in the medical costs as a result of the errors; and increase in the level of satisfaction for both patients and providers (Srinivasamurthy et al., 2021).
Market or financial project analysis
Healthcare providers are striving daily to ensure that patients are kept safe. Patient safety errors have a profound effect on the organization’s financial viability. A Healthcare organization is a business at its core, just like any other organization. Healthcare facilities need revenue for their survival. When they lose cash or reimbursement associated with fines, lawsuits, and patient leakage, it jeopardizes the capability of healthcare facilities to remain profitable. Since with inadequate revenue, it becomes a challenge to offer high-quality healthcare by hiring enough staff, thus leading to work management problems (Alanazi, 2020).
In the United States, about 100,000 individuals die every year due to medical errors. The annual cost associated with the medical errors to the country is estimated to be $ 20 billion. Therefore, this implies that the organization’s failure to address the issue of medication errors affects the well-being of the patients, reduces the nursing level of satisfaction, and tampers with the facility’s image (Alanazi, 2020). When the facility’s image is damaged, the reimbursement of the capital from the organizations such as insurance firms is affected, which is a financial loss to the healthcare facility.
Based on the financial and market analysis, the proposed project is expected to cause an increase in the level of income for the hospital. The reduction in the cases of medication errors implies that the safety of the patients and quality of healthcare are improved. More clients seeking healthcare services will be attracted to the facility, generating more income. The facility’s rating in terms of the reimbursement based on the quality of the service delivered will improve, thus making the hospital one of the most competitive ones within the specific region or country (Alanazi, 2020). Therefore, the facility will be more marketable in terms of patients visiting the facility for healthcare services.
Plan for evaluation
The project’s success must be assessed to determine whether it is heading in the right direction. The evaluation process helps make the necessary changes that can help achieve the end outcome, i.e., reducing the number of reported cases of medication errors. Therefore, the evaluation plan will compare the outcomes from implementing the proposed evidence-based intervention to the baseline data. In this case, the final results about the medication rate will be compared to the data generated from the baseline data before the implementation process of the proposed intervention. Before the beginning of the implementation process, data on the medication errors of the targeted facility will be collected to help determine whether there is a drop in the reported cases of medication rates. After the implementation, it is expected that there will be a drop in the rate of medication errors (Srinivasamurthy et al., 2021). The statistics on medical errors following the implementation of the CPOE will be compared with the baseline data to help determine the areas that required further improvement to achieve positive outcomes.
Plan for alternative assumptions and strategies
The plan for the alternative assumptions or strategies is that healthcare providers or nurses do not all know about the use of the CPOE. Therefore, to ensure that this implementation of the CPOEs is an ongoing procedure in preventing medication errors, the strategy involving education about the CPOE will be implemented (Alanazi, 2020). In this case, there will be continuous training of the providers like nurses, especially the new ones, to ensure that they possess the skills and knowledge required to successfully implement the proposed evidence-based intervention focused on reducing medication errors while caring for the patients.
How the project applies to the present healthcare system in terms of the issues about healthcare access, quality, and cost with the inclusion of the MSN Essentials
The application of MSN essentials, in this case, are quality improvement and safety, informatics and technology, interprofessional collaboration for the improvement of population healthcare outcomes, and clinical intervention for the prevention of health issues and improvement of health. The essential of quality improvement and safety prepares nurses to utilize tools and performance measures by adopting the CPOEs to ensure quality standard practice.
The translation and the integration of the scholarship into practice allow nurses to develop evidence-based practice or intervention such as CPOEs that is used in resolving practice issues such as medical errors. The essential of informatics and healthcare technologies acknowledges that a master prepared nurse must use healthcare technologies to facilitate delivery and improve healthcare and utilization of the communication for the purposes of integrating and coordination of healthcare. This is important in ensuring that nurses acquire the skills and knowledge needed for adopting and implementing the CPOEs. The successful implementation of the CPOEs requires a collaborative process to help deal with the challenges encountered (Srinivasamurthy et al., 2021). Therefore, interprofessional collaboration to improve patient and population health outcomes ensure that nurses engage in successful communication and consultation during the implementation process.
The project is essential in enhancing the healthcare quality of healthcare services. The adoption of the CPOEs system in the management of diabetic patients leads to the minimum errors in documentation and provision of the information on allergies, the medication interactions, the potential side effects for the reduction of the medication errors, increase in physician effectiveness and the satisfaction of the patients, and the promotion of the patients’ level of satisfaction, and promoting the quality of healthcare services (Srinivasamurthy et al., 2021). Addressing these healthcare issues associated with medication errors through the implementation of the CPOEs reduces the risk of readmission, hence reducing hospitalization cases and the overall drop in healthcare costs.
The project is also essential since it enables nurses to understand and ensure successful implementation of the safety improvement initiative by adopting the CDSS during the medical administration. The CDSS, in this case, provides nurses with the instructions, guiding them together with the patients and helping them to successfully identify the alerts hence assisting in the prevention of medication errors (Moghadam et al., 2021).
The project is essential since it shows that nurses recognize the possibilities of having inappropriate order management processes, increasing the risk of medication errors that can only be resolved through CPOEs. It also confirms the CPOE’s ability to improve the safety of the clients and the successful management of the disorder (Hayavi-haghighi et al., 2021). The project is also essential for the nurses in addressing the issue of CMEs through the implementation of the evidence-based proposed intervention of CPOEs.
Conclusions
The world is undergoing unpreventable changes brought by the technology advancement. Technology has affected various sectors globally, and the healthcare sector has not been left behind. Technology has been used to promote service delivery and improve the safety of patients’ data and communication process between healthcare providers. The roles played by the technology are also crucial in the healthcare decision-making processes. One of the areas targeted by the technology is the medication process, whereby technologies such as CPOE are used to reduce medication errors. Based on the literature review presented, the role played by the CPOE cannot be ignored since it contributes to the success of the reduction of medication errors. This improves the overall quality of healthcare and the safety of the patients.
References
Abraham, J., Kitsiou, S., Meng, A., Burton, S., Vatani, H., & Kannampallil, T. (2020). Effects of CPOE-based medication ordering on outcomes: an overview of systematic reviews. BMJ quality & safety, 29(10), 1-2.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2019-010436
Alanazi, A. (2020). The effect of computerized physician order entry on mortality rates in a pediatric and neonatal care setting: Meta-analysis. Informatics in Medicine Unlocked, 19, 100308.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imu.2020.100308
Hayavi-haghighi, M. H., Alipour, J., & Dehghani, M. (2021). Nursing errors and Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE). Informatics in Medicine Unlocked, 25, 100648.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imu.2021.100648
Moghadam, S. T., Sadoughi, F., Velayati, F., Ehsanzadeh, S. J., & Poursharif, S. (2021). The effects of clinical decision support system for prescribing medication on patient outcomes and physician practice performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 21(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911- 020-01376-8
Shahmoradi, L., Saeedi, M. G., Khangholi, S. I., & Mahmoodabadi, A. D. (2020). Modeling of Computerized Physician Order Entry with Decision Support System for Diabetic Patients. Frontiers in Health Informatics, 9(1), 26. DOI:10.30699/fhi.v9i1.206
Srinivasamurthy, S. K., Ashokkumar, R., Kodidela, S., Howard, S. C., Samer, C. F., & Rao, U. S. C. (2021). A systematic review is the impact of computerized physician order entry (CPOE) on the incidence of chemotherapy-related medication errors. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-021-03099-9