Week 3 Discussions and
Required Resources
Assignment: This is a two-part assignment. Each part must be at least 200 words unless otherwise noted. Please read all attachments and follow ALL instructions.
To receive full credit you must include at least 2 citations of scholarly support to your answers for each discussion post (i.e. Discussion One – 2 citations, Discussion Two – 2 citations). Citations should be within your post and include (Author, year, page number) if you are using a quote, page number is not required if you are paraphrasing. Just listing references and not using them in your post does not count as a citation or support. You can use your textbook as scholarly support and remember to include a reference for the support cited.
Part 1: Agricultural Subsidies
Technology has been very important to agricultural markets for the United States and has made it a very large food-producing nation in the world. When looking at the money that the US government spends on agricultural markets with the subsidies that they provide, do you think there could be other options for the money spent? How can you measure the inefficiency of the subsidies that are provided in the market?
Part 2: The Impact of Corn
Corn is a valuable commodity in our global economy. Corn can be used as multiple inputs and as a final good. One of the inputs that corn is used for is the production of ethanol, which is used in the production of gasoline. As you know, agricultural markets are very important to the United States economy. But, what is going to occur in the market for corn if more is needed for the production of ethanol rather than the other functions of corn? In your answer, evaluate the role of opportunity cost and analyze each stakeholder involved in the production of corn.
Required Resources
Text
Tietenberg, T., & Lewis, L. (2012). Environmental and natural resource economics (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Addison-Wesley
· Chapter 10: A Locationally Fixed, Multipurpose Resource: Land
· Chapter 11: Reproducible Private-Property Resources: Agriculture and Food Security
· Chapter 12: Storable, Renewable Resources: Forests
· Chapter 13: Common-Pool Resources: Fisheries and Other Commercially Valuable Species
Recommended Resource
Article
Angelsen, A. (2010).
Policies for reduced deforestation and their impact on agricultural production
. PNAS. Retrieved from http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2010/07/14/0912014107.full
Week 3 Discussions and Required Resources
Assignment: This is a two-part assignment. Each part must be at least 200 words unless otherwise noted. Please read all attachments and follow ALL instructions.
To receive full credit you must include at least 2 citations of scholarly support to your answers for each discussion post (i.e. Discussion One – 2 citations, Discussion Two – 2 citations). Citations should be within your post and include (Author, year, page number) if you are using a quote, page number is not required if you are paraphrasing. Just listing references and not using them in your post does not count as a citation or support. You can use your textbook as scholarly support and remember to include a reference for the support cited.
Part 1: Agricultural Subsidies
Technology has been very important to agricultural markets for the United States and has made it a very large food-producing nation in the world. When looking at the money that the US government spends on agricultural markets with the subsidies that they provide, do you think there could be other options for the money spent? How can you measure the inefficiency of the subsidies that are provided in the market?
Part 2: The Impact of Corn
Corn is a valuable commodity in our global economy. Corn can be used as multiple inputs and as a final good. One of the inputs that corn is used for is the production of ethanol, which is used in the production of gasoline. As you know, agricultural markets are very important to the United States economy. But, what is going to occur in the market for corn if more is needed for the production of ethanol rather than the other functions of corn? In your answer, evaluate the role of opportunity cost and analyze each stakeholder involved in the production of corn.
Required Resources
Text
Tietenberg, T., & Lewis, L. (2012). Environmental and natural resource economics (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Addison-Wesley
· Chapter 10: A Locationally Fixed, Multipurpose Resource: Land
· Chapter 11: Reproducible Private-Property Resources: Agriculture and Food Security
· Chapter 12: Storable, Renewable Resources: Forests
· Chapter 13: Common-Pool Resources: Fisheries and Other Commercially Valuable Species
Recommended Resource
Article
Angelsen, A. (2010).
Policies for reduced deforestation and their impact on agricultural production
. PNAS. Retrieved from
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2010/07/14/0912014107.full
Week Three Guidance
Welcome to week three!
As we gear towards your final assignment here are some housekeeping items. Make sure to include a title page (with a running header), introduction, and conclusion for your final paper. Your paper should be 10 – 12 pages long not including the title page and reference pages. Also you should use scholarly sources, this does not include website like Investopedia, or Wikipedia. The main question you will be addressing is: What role should the local governments provide with regard to alternative solutions or reduction in development impact fees given the positive externality that is provided by these new developments? It is highly suggested you use heading to enhance the organization of your paper and that you cover all of the topics. A recommended Outline:
· Introduction.
· Compare and contrast the options that the local governments will need to discuss given the lack of resources that are currently available.
· Evaluation of the environmental impacts that can occur with new developments and review of the legal ramifications that can arise.
· Presentation of case examples.
– Compare and contrast the different market effects of development impact fees on the market in your paper.
· Conclusion.
Also your ideas and statements should have credible support to them in your postings and writing assignments. Also remember to use the APA 6th ed. For an example if you are going to quote a source over forty words, the quote should be in block format. See my example below:
Boatright (2009) reviews several different points to come up with the following definition of whistle blowing:
Whistle-blowing is the voluntary release of nonpublic information, as a moral protest, by a member or former member of an organization outside the normal channels of communication to an appropriate audience about illegal and/or immoral conduct in the organization or conduct in the organization that is opposed in some significant way to the public interest. (What is Whistle Blowing section, para. 10)
Using “para.” signifies the paragraph number the quotation is coming from if there is not a page number available. You would also have to state the section title where the quote was taken from.
Your discussion questions will be on agricultural subsidies and the impact of corn. You again will have two assignments this week, one numerical and one conceptual. Similar to last week, the first assignment is numerical where a cover page and references are not needed, but you have to show your work and not just provide answers to receive full credit. The second assignment is conceptual which does require references and a reference page to receive full credit. I highly suggest you use the questions as headings to make sure all of the questions are addressed. On to our week three topics.
Your first discussion question involves agricultural subsidies, Tietenberg and Lewis (2012) discuss the importance of agricultural subsidies, “Agricultural subsidies in the United States and the European Union are responsible for about one-third and one-half of all farm income, respectively” (p. 280). Your discussion question asks if the money the governments spend on subsidies can be put to better use and how can you measure the inefficiencies of these subsidies. See the below video on subsidies, it’s a long video but interesting and can watch in parts in your leisure.
Your second discussion question is on the impact of corn used for ethanol than for its normal use and opportunity costs. Tietenberg and Lewis (2012) state the importance of corn in the United States, “For example, in the United States, corn is produced on more acreage than any other crop. Yields per acre more than quadrupled between 1930 and 2000 from approximately 30 bushels per acre to about 130 bushels per acre” (p. 268). The authors further explain the use of corn as ethanol and how this increases the price of corn and limits food to developing countries, “A recent trend in conversion of land to grow corn solely to be used in the production of ethanol as contributed to rising food prices and reduced food aid to developing countries” (p. 270). Remember these point and be sure to review Chapter eleven while preparing your answer to this discussion question.
Your first assignment is on the sustainability of the fish population. Tietenberg and Lewis (2012) explain the concerns for the fish population:
Consider the rising number of depleted ocean fisheries. Depleted fisheries, which involve fish populations that have fallen so low as to threaten their viability as commercial fisheries, not only jeopardize oceanic biodiversity, but also pose a threat to both the individuals who make their living from the sea (p. 49).
The authors go further and discuss possible substitutes, “The decline of overexploited fish populations, for example, has led to the rise of private property fish farming. The artificial scarcity created by imperfectly defined property rights gives rise to incentives for the development of a private property substitute” (p. 593). For part A set 10P -200 = 0 and solve for P, then plug that value in the g equation. For part B set marginal cost equal to marginal benefits and solve for P
Your second assignment is on elasticity of supply and food stamps which is conceptual based. I have attached a few articles on this topic.
Remember that your initial postings are due on Thurs. 4/16, and to respond to your fellow student’s initial postings during the week. Your written assignments are due on day seven, Monday 4/20. Keep up the good work!
References
Boatright, J. (2009). Ethics and the conduct of business (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Tietenberg, T., & Lewis, L. (2012). Environmental and natural resource economics (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Addison-Wesley. ISBN: 9780131392595
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ESTIMATING THE VALUE OF AN IN-KIND TRANSFER: THE CASE OF FOOD STAMPS
Moffitt, Robert
Econometrica (1986-1998); Mar 1989; 57, 2; ABI/INFORM Complete
pg. 385
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