A theory:a. Occurs with unvarying uniformity under ideal conditions.b. Explains why events occur in nature.c. Does not have to have the agreement of the scientific community.d. Asks a question that needs to be answered.e. Is the result of one single well-proven and well accepted-hypothesis.2. The scientific method is:a. A process that scientists use to understand phenomenon better.b. Equivalent to a theory.c. Equivalent to a law.d. Equivalent to both a theory and a law.3. Plate Tectonics processes are what primarily shape our ocean basins.a. True b. False4. What energy source is Earth using primarily for its internal processes?a. Primordial heat from Earth’s formationb. The corec. Radioactive decayd. The sun
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SAMPLE EXAM #1 – OCEANOGRAPHY 100 – SPRING 2018
It is highly recommended that you have a printed version of this handout in front of you with your best answers
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are expected to work on these questions on your own. However, if you need any clarification on any of the
questions, or you would like to ask me about concepts that don’t involve giving away an exact answer, please feel
free to email me anytime with any of those questions.
1. A theory:
a. Occurs with unvarying uniformity under ideal conditions.
b. Explains why events occur in nature.
c. Does not have to have the agreement of the scientific community.
d. Asks a question that needs to be answered.
e. Is the result of one single well-proven and well accepted-hypothesis.
2. The scientific method is:
a. A process that scientists use to understand phenomenon better.
b. Equivalent to a theory.
c. Equivalent to a law.
d. Equivalent to both a theory and a law.
3. Plate Tectonics processes are what primarily shape our ocean basins.
a. True
b. False
4. What energy source is Earth using primarily for its internal processes?
a. Primordial heat from Earth’s formation
c. Radioactive decay
b. The core
d. The sun
5. Solar energy is the primary energy source for earthquakes.
a. True
b.
6. Plate tectonics is driven primarily by Earth’s:
a. Internal processes
b. External processes
7. The water cycle on our planet is driven primarily by Earth’s:
a. Internal processes
b. External processes
False
8. The layer that encompasses an entire tectonic plate is called:
a. Asthenosphere
c. Mesosphere
b. Crust
d. Lithosphere
e.
9. The outer layer of the Earth defined by its composition is called:
a. Crust
b. Mesosphere
c. Asthenosphere
d. Lithosphere
e. Outer core
10. The layer that sits directly under the lithosphere is called:
a. Crust
b. Mesosphere
c. Asthenosphere
d. Inner core
e. Outer core
Outer Core
11. The layer that sits directly under the asthenosphere is called:
a. Crust
b. Mesosphere
c. Asthenosphere
12. The inner core is a:
a. Liquid
b. Solid
d. Lithosphere
e. Outer core
c. Scientists do not know whether
the inner core is a liquid or solid.
13. The core of the Earth is composed primarily of:
a. Hydrogen
c. Silicon
b. Oxygen
d. Iron/Nickel
e.
Uranium
14. The lithosphere and the crust are identical layers. There is no difference between them at all.
a. True
b. False
15. How does the asthenosphere behave?
a. As a brittle solid
b. As a liquid
c. As a ductile solid
d. As a gas
16. How does the mesosphere behave?
a. As a brittle solid
b. As a liquid
c. As a ductile solid
d. As a gas
17. The layers defined by their physical properties include all of the following except:
a. The mesosphere
c. The inner core
b. The asthenosphere
d. The crust
18. What type of plate boundary is located here in the San Francisco Bay Area?
a. Divergent boundary
c. Transform boundary
b. Subduction zone
d. Convergent boundary
19. A mid-ocean ridge is created at:
a. Divergent boundaries
b. Subduction zones
c. Transform boundaries
20. Volcanic arcs are formed at?
a. Divergent boundaries
b. Subduction zones
c. Transform boundaries
21. Which feature below is associated with a transform boundary?
a. Deep earthquakes
b. Deep trench
c. Volcanic arc
d.
Continent-continent convergent
boundaries
d.
Continent-continent convergent
boundaries
d.
Earthquakes right along the
boundary line
22. What type of plate boundary are shallow focus earthquakes associated with?
a. Convergent
c. Transform
b. Divergent
d. All boundary types
23. What type of plate boundary is found off the coast of Northernmost California, Oregon and Washington State?
a. Divergent boundary
d. Continent-continent convergent
b. Subduction zone boundary
boundary
c. Transform boundary
24. Which feature below is a convergent boundary associated with?
a. Flat topography
b. Mantle upwelling
c.
d.
Deep trench
Mid-ocean ridge
25. Oceanic crust is created at which type of plate boundary?
a. Convergent
b. Divergent
c.
d.
Transform
All boundary types
26. The Mariana Trench is located at what type of plate boundary?
a. Convergent
b. Divergent
27. The east coast of the United States is known as an:
a. Active margin
b. Passive margin
28. The region just off the east coast of Japan is known as an:
a. Active margin
b. Passive margin
c.
d.
Transform
All boundary types
c. Earthquake margin
d. Tectonic margin
c.
d.
Earthquake margin
Tectonic margin
29. Ocean trenches:
a. Are caused by divergence at divergent margins.
b. Parallel continents and island arc volcanoes.
c. Are created at transform boundaries during earthquakes.
d. Are typically only ~10 meters deep.
30. The seafloor does not get any older than ~200 million years old due to:
a. Volcanism incinerating existing sediment at mid-ocean ridges.
b. The CCD dissolving all sediment before it can deposit.
c. Subduction at the edges of ocean basins.
d. Pressure at great depths dissolves all sediment on ocean floor over time.
31. The portion of the continental margin that marks the true edge of the continent is:
a. Continental shelf
c. Continental rise
b. Continental slope
d. Abyssal plain
32. Submarine canyons are believed to be shaped primarily by:
a. Transform faults
b. Rifting
c.
d.
Turbidity currents
Converging ocean plates
33. Sediments found on continental margins are called:
a. Continental
b. Neritic
c.
d.
Oceanic
Pelagic
34. A wedge of sediment that sits up against the continental slope is called?
a. The continental shelf
c.
b. The continental slope
d.
The continental rise
The continental current
35. Pelagic sediments are primarily found in the:
a. Continental shelf
b. Continental slope
c.
d.
Continental rise
Abyssal plain
36. Manganese nodules are important in the production of __________.
a. Sand
b. Phosphates
c.
d.
Iron
Steel
37. What is true about oozes from the statements below:
a. Siliceous oozes are softer than Calcareous oozes.
b. Calcareous oozes are softer than Siliceous oozes.
c. Calcareous and Siliceous oozes are about the same hardness.
38. Calcium carbonate will dissolve at an equal rate to its supply at the CCD. What happens below the CCD?
a. Calcium carbonate will still dissolve at an equal rate to its supply.
b. Calcium carbonate will dissolve at faster rate to its supply.
c. Calcium carbonate will dissolve at a slower rate to its supply.
39. In relation to the deposition of pelagic sediments, what happens below the CCD on the sea floor?
a. Calcareous ooze will deposit below the CCD and Siliceous ooze will dissolve.
b. Calcareous ooze will dissolve below the CCD and Siliceous ooze will deposit.
c. All oozes, whether Calcareous or Siliceous, will deposit.
d. Both Calcareous and Siliceous oozes will dissolve below the CCD.
40. What type of sediment is volcanic ash classified as:
a. Terrigenous
b. Biogenous
c.
d.
Hydrogenous
Cosmogenous
41. Radiolarian ooze is a type of _______________ sediment.
a. Continental
b. Oceanic
c.
d.
Neritic
Pelagic
42. What type of sediment is a manganese nodule classified as?
a. Terrigenous
b. Biogenous
c.
d.
Hydrogenous
Cosmogenous
43. What type of sediment is a meteorite classified as?
a. Terrigenous
b. Biogenous
c.
d.
Hydrogenous
Cosmogenous
44. Water’s high heat capacity allows the ocean water to be:
a. Cooler than the land around it.
b. Warmer than the land around it.
c. The same temperature as the land around it.
d. Sometimes warmer, sometimes cooler than the land around it.
45. What is “heat”?
a. It is thermal energy.
b. It results from thermal energy.
c. It is a measure of kinetic energy.
d. It is a measure of potential energy.
46. During the time that heat is not measured by temperature, what do we call it?
a. Thermal energy
c. Latent heat
b. Sensible heat
d. Ice
47. Adjacent water molecules are held together by:
a. van der Waals forces
b. Covalent bonds
c.
d.
Ionic bonds
Hydrogen bonds
48. Cations are __________ charged because they have _____________ electrons:
a. Negatively – lost
c. Positively – gained
b. Positively – lost
d. Negatively – gained
49. The thermocline is a layer in the ocean that represents:
a. Density change due to mixing.
b. Density change due to salinity.
c.
d.
Density change due to temperature.
Constant density due to salinity.
50. In ionic bonding, during the transfer of electrons between two neutrally charged atoms, one electron moves
from one atom to another. What are the new relative charges between the two atoms?
a. The giving atom and receiving atom are both negatively charged.
b. The giving atom is now positively charged and the receiving atom is now negatively charged.
c. The giving and receiving atom are both positively charged.
d. The giving atom is now negatively charged and the receiving atom is now positively charged.