Running head: ANNOTATED OUTLINE: INVESTIGATION AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING (ERP) SYSTEMS AT QANTAS AIRWAYS LIMITED COMPANY
ANNOTATED OUTLINE
2
Annotated Outline: Investigation and the Implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems in Qantas Airways Limited Company
Literature review
I. Introduction
A. Overview
1. Definition of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system
www.dictionary.com/
2. Importance of ERP system in supporting the activities and functions of the business
How Emerging Technologies Are Changing the Future of Work. retrieved from
https://readwrite.com/2019/06/13/how-emerging-technologies-are-changing-the-future-of-work/
3. Description of actual improvements of the ERP system and how it impacts the organization
Leyh, C., Bley, K., & Forstenh, S. (2017). Information Technology for Management: New Ideas and Real Solutions. In AITM Conf Adv Inf Technol Manag. (Vol. 277, pp. 103-19).
4. State some advantages and disadvantages of ERP
A Look at ERP Advantages & Disadvantages. Retrieved from
Benefits of ERP: Advantages and Disadvantages of an Enterprise Resource Planning System
B. Overview of the research question
1. Explore how Enterprise Resource Planning systems will be implemented in the management of resources and operation of the organization’s activities
2. investigating the impacts of the Enterprise Resource Planning system within Qantas Airways Limited Company
3. How effective is the ERP system in the automation of the business process
4. How does ERP ensure effective risk management plan
C. Overview of literature
1. This study seeks to explore the implementation of ERP systems in Qantas Airways Limited Company
2. A literature review has shown that ERP is growing in demand and popularity, this is due to its ability to handle complex tasks while also propagating IT infrastructure within businesses
3. This has been studied in terms of its effects on the overall performance of the organization.
II. Overview of literature
A. History
1. Discusses the historical input to research and contextual view of history to understanding the topic being researched.
Gunasekaran, A. (Ed.). (2007). Modelling and Analysis of Enterprise Information Systems (Vol. 1). Igi Global.
2. Considers the consequences of ERP system studies that have been done in the past have reinforced the development of the system.
Bruch, M., & Vinnichenko, S. (2006). Comparative analysis of enterprise resource planning systems in Russia and Sweden. GRIN Verlag.
B. Areas of analysis
1. Organizational structure and business process
A. Described that organizational structure and business process of the Qantas Airline Company
B. Description of the organizational structure being used
White, L. (2018). Qantas Still Calls Australia Home: The Spirit of Australia and the Flying Kangaroo. Tourist Studies, 18(3), 261-274.
2. The vertical processes with an organizational structure
A. Describes the situational awareness and how important it is in the decision-making process in an organization’s management
Galbraith, J. R. (2002). Designing organizations: an executive guide to strategy. Structure.
3. The horizontal processes within the organization structure
A. Described how horizontal processes apply to Qantas Airline Company
DuBrin, A. J. (2011). Essentials of management. Cengage Learning.
4. The way processes are learned
A. Describes the formal learning methods for each process
Boshuizen, H. P., Bromme, R., & Gruber, H. (Eds.). (2006). Professional learning: Gaps and transitions on the way from novice to expert (Vol. 2). Springer Science & Business Media.
5. The IT systems
A. How ERP system supports vertical and horizontal processes
Samara, T. (2015). ERP and information systems: Integration or disintegration. John Wiley & Sons.
III. Conclusion
A. Provides a summary of the whole review.
References
A Look at ERP Advantages & Disadvantages. Retrieved from
Benefits of ERP: Advantages and Disadvantages of an Enterprise Resource Planning System
Boshuizen, H. P., Bromme, R., & Gruber, H. (Eds.). (2006). Professional learning: Gaps and transitions on the way from novice to expert (Vol. 2). Springer Science & Business Media.
Bruch, M., & Vinnichenko, S. (2006). Comparative analysis of enterprise resource planning systems in Russia and Sweden. GRIN Verlag.
DuBrin, A. J. (2011). Essentials of management. Cengage Learning.
Galbraith, J. R. (2002). Designing organizations: an executive guide to strategy. Structure.
Gunasekaran, A. (Ed.). (2007). Modelling and Analysis of Enterprise Information Systems (Vol. 1). Igi Global.
How Emerging Technologies Are Changing the Future of Work. retrieved from
https://readwrite.com/2019/06/13/how-emerging-technologies-are-changing-the-future-of-work/
Leyh, C., Bley, K., & Forstenh, S. (2017). Information Technology for Management: New Ideas and Real Solutions. In AITM Conf Adv Inf Technol Manag. (Vol. 277, pp. 103-19).
Samara, T. (2015). ERP and information systems: Integration or disintegration. John Wiley & Sons.
White, L. (2018). Qantas Still Calls Australia Home: The Spirit of Australia and the Flying Kangaroo. Tourist Studies, 18(3), 261-274.
Running head: IT SYSTEMS THEORIES – DRAFT ANNOTATION: INVESTIGATION AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING SYSTEMS IN QANTAS AIRWAYS LIMITED COMPANY 1
IT SYSTEMS THEORIES – DRAFT ANNOTATION: INVESTIGATION AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING SYSTEMS IN QANTAS AIRWAYS LIMITED COMPANY 6
IT Systems Theories – Draft Project Annotation:
Investigation and the Implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems in
Qantas
Airways Limited Company
IT Systems Theories – Draft: Investigation and the implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems in Qantas Airways Limited Company
1.1 Introduction. Overview of the project – The impetus for the study.
In the current global business environment, organizations need innovative technology to improve their business performance. Business software is playing a vital role in supporting the activities and functions of the business as a whole. And as such, this business software can perpetuate both productivities as well as overall efficiency within the company. Companies looking for innovation are implementing software that that may increase levels of competitive advantage. Organizations launch different software contingent on the strategies they are striving for. Herein will pursuit investigating the impact of an enterprise resource planning system on the Qantas Airlines Company. An enterprise resource planning system is one of the single most efficient and effective business software available that can provide several benefits to companies that utilize them (Shen, Chen, & Wang, 2016). Comment by Nicholas Pirro: Deshpande, A., & Frevvo Inc. (2019, May 29). How Emerging Technologies Are Changing the Future of Work. Retrieved from https://readwrite.com/2019/06/13/how-emerging-technologies-are-changing-the-future-of-work/ Comment by Nicholas Pirro: Name some specific software suites Comment by Nicholas Pirro: Show the dichotomy of pre-tech systems and new upgraded software. Possibly explain which companies in similar industries used which techs and systems
Albeit, Qantas is one of the most famous Airline Companies in the world. It is the flag bearing commercial liner of the country of Australia and remains its largest airline in terms of its fleet size. The contained research will revolve around the advantages and disadvantages of the many ERP systems of the Qantas Company, including but is not limited to Oracle. While the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system is being implemented in several organizations and has different impacts according to the nature of the business, it also has its drawbacks; those, however, are far outweighed by the positives generated by these business systems. This research will also uncover the effect of the AIS system by implementing an enterprise resource plan and show the essential role they collectively play at the Qantas Company. Comment by Nicholas Pirro: Clarify the “how”
As of late, the advances in technology have also created improvements of business software and afforded the ability to synchronize, standardized business performance (Hsu, Itani, Gupta, Smith, Aagaard, Wu, & Tretikov, 2019). Comment by Nicholas Pirro: Describe the actual improvements, not how they work unless essential to do so
The ERP has a central series of focuses that are funneled into increased performance and heightened efficiency, not just for Qantas, but all who utilize these technologies effectively. The ERP system consists of working parts, such as a configurable system for information packages to improve the performance of organizations, amongst others. An ERP system integrates with processes and information across the functions of the company and provides several benefits to coordinate with its informational and process-based systems. These are essential variables as the company is focusing on decreasing its cycle time and carrying costs (Seethamraju, 2015). Comment by Nicholas Pirro: Kukreja, S. (2018, December 24). Enterprise Systems and its Benefits. Retrieved from https://www.managementstudyhq.com/enterprise-systems.html
ERP’s are growing in demand and popularity for their dominance and most legitimate business software purposes majorly because of its ability to handle complex tasks while also propagating IT infrastructure within businesses. The intent of this project then hones in to investigate the implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in Qantas Company. It projects identifying the benefits and drawbacks of the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system in Qantas Company and introduces the necessity of it in the arena of stiff competition within the global business environment and an increasing influence withheld in its performance of organizations. To sum up, Qantas Airways Limited is using Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system to improve its performance. Comment by Nicholas Pirro: O’Shaughnessy, K. (n.d.). Benefits of ERP: A Look at ERP Advantages & Disadvantages. Retrieved from https://www.selecthub.com/enterprise-resource-planning/erp-advantages-and-disadvantages/ Comment by Nicholas Pirro: What companies are considered direct competition and what are they doing differently?
As the aforementioned suggests in various extents, the main aim of this project is to investigate the impacts of the Enterprise Resource Planning system within Qantas Airways Limited Company. It will identify the benefits that Qantas Airlines has procured with its adopting of an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system as well as outline the complete overview of ERP implementations Qantas Airways Limited has undergone.
1.2 The problem
The elements that this research will study in Qantas Airline Company interpolates Operations and Management. The project will explore how Enterprise Resource Planning systems will be implemented in the management of resources and operation of the organization’s activities. The following are the perceived challenges in the organization; Comment by Nicholas Pirro: Our leadership. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.qantas.com/us/en/qantas-group/acting-responsibly/our-leadership.html Comment by Nicholas Pirro: Willy Hoppe de Sousa
Adriano Giardino
Maria Aparecida H. Trezza
JISTEM Revista de Gestão da Tecnologia e Sistemas de Informação
Journal of Information Systems and Technology Management
Vol. 8, No. 1, 2011, p. 05-24
ISSN online: 1807-1775
DOI: 10.4301/S1807-17752011000100001
Poor Decision-Making Process. Qantas Airline Company is facing a serious problem with decision making. Decision making is mainly done using traditional methods such as meetings and benchmarking. This results in a slow process or even worse decisions made as a result of poor practices in effecting decisions. Enterprise Resource Planning is expected to provide a solution to this problem through the data-driven decision-making process. ERP performs data analytics (productive data analysis) whose result will be used in informing the management for the right decision. Comment by Nicholas Pirro: CNBC Transcript: Alan Joyce, CEO, Qantas Airways. (2018, April 3). Retrieved from https://www.cnbc.com/2018/03/29/cnbc-transcript-alan-joyce-ceo-qantas-airways.html Comment by Nicholas Pirro: Comment by Nicholas Pirro: Singh, H. (2018, December 1). Using Analytics for Better Decision-Making. Retrieved from https://towardsdatascience.com/using-analytics-for-better-decision-making-ce4f92c4a025
Low Level of collaboration between Management and Employees. Qantas Company experiences a low level of cooperation due to poor communication. If the employees are not well informed on the directions and tasks that are expected to do at a given time, then the execution of business processes will be impaired. Enterprise Resource Planning systems help solve this problem by providing a convenient platform for effective and timely communication between management and employers.
Low savings due to the ineffectiveness of controlling processes and the allocation of resources. In any business organization, resources are ever scarce and need to be utilized. Waste of resources due to improper distribution leads to loss and, thus, fewer savings. Qantas Airline Company is experiencing low savings due to mismanagement of resources. The Enterprise Resource Planning systems help solve this problem through efficient allocation and management of the organization’s resources. Comment by Nicholas Pirro: Qantas Annual Report 2018 https://investor.qantas.com/FormBuilder/_Resource/_module/doLLG5ufYkCyEPjF1tpgyw/file/annual-reports/2018-Annual-Report-ASX
Low productivity due to ineffective resource management and manual process. Almost every activity in the Qantas Company is done manually. This leads to inefficient resource management and hence reduced productivity. ERP systems will ensure the automated business process, which leads to improved productivity and saves on time. Comment by Nicholas Pirro: The Qantas Group Submission
Productivity Commission Inquiry into the
Economic Regulation of Airport Services
April 2011
https://www.pc.gov.au/inquiries/completed/airport-regulation/submissions/sub052
Complexity in compliance and ineffective risk management.
The manual process of executing business activities in Qantas results in complex compliance and ineffective risk management. Enterprise Resource Planning systems come as a package with risk management tools such as the Disaster Recovery Plan and Business Community Plan. This ensures an effective risk management plan for Qantas Airline Company.
1.3 Areas to be analyzed
1.3.1 Organizational Structure and Business Process
The parts that will be examined include the organizational structure and business process of the Qantas Airline Company. The Company has a decentralized organizational structure to focus on the power, responsibilities, and roles to perfect coordination of the company (White, 2018). The management and its composition plays an ever-increasing role in the implementation of company extensive objectives/ policies and have a responsibility to communicate with effectiveness, its principal values, goals, and any forthcoming changes. The C suite members of management are at its core of all organizational decisions and seeing these decisions through from inception to the end deliverables.
Employees play an ever-important role as well because they are tasked with visualizing and promoting the company’s goals and objectives. The framework of the company is very sophisticated without being onerous. It does, however, also have a centralized and decentralized series of structures. The governing body, the board members, and most notably, the chief executive officer position is replicated to decide the domestic and international subsidiaries, where applicable.
The organization has a matrix structure and has different departments to participate in their company’s operation. Some of its working parts include functional management, project management, and administrative management. Moreover, top management is critical for decisions predicated on the handling of diversity within the company, and the overwhelming need to be rational through these decision-making processes. As noted previously, government officials and stakeholders also direct the company’s’ decision making. Additionally, they are made aware of the assessments being accounted for in advance of the ascertaining of interviews or surveys pertaining to technologies, systems, etc.
CEO
Human Resources
Marketing
General Counsel
Government and Corporate Affairs
CFOStrategy
&
Technology
Qantas
Operations
Freight
Qantas Frequent Flyer
Jetstar Group
Qantas
Domestic
Qantas
International
Individual Separate Business Units
Qantas Organizational Structure (White, 2018)
1.3.2 The vertical processes within an org structure (Management)
Situational Awareness is the reaction of the new environmental objects and their associated activities concerning the comprehension of their meanings, space, time, and projection of their future status. SA is a critical aspect of the decision-making process in an organization’s management. Concerning Qantas Airline Company, the following is a vertical process of governance. The area that t need to be assessed in advance of inquiring through interviews and surveys is the
Perception of new Element in Business Environment
Level 1
Perception of new Element in Business Environment
Level 2
Comprehension of the prevailing Situation
Level 3
Projection of the Future Status
1.3.3 The horizontal processes within org structure (Product or Service Accomplishment).
The horizontal process in the Company models how services are accomplished. The process starts by booking an airline ticket, then paying for the ticket online, waiting for the ticket with flight information (date and terms of flight), and ends with taking a flight. There is no area requiring assessment in advance of inquiring through interviews or surveys.
Waiting for the ticket
Paying for the ticket (online)
Booking airline ticket
Taking a flight
1.3.4 The way processes are learned.
There are formal learning methods for each process. These learning methods will be contained in the documentation of the entire system. The learning methods are optional for all operations, depending on the level of understanding of the user. There is no indication of areas requiring assessment in advance of inquiring through interviews or surveys.
1.3.5 The IT systems
The IT system that supports vertical and horizontal processes, decision-making processes, and product/service accomplishment is the Enterprise Resource Planning system. The tools that enable the vertical-decision making and situational awareness, horizontal and vertical process and service/product accomplishment are the data analytics and visualization form the ERP. The indication of areas that need to be assessed in advance of inquiring through interviews and surveys comes from both horizontal and vertical processes.
References
Hsu, Y. P., Itani, M., Gupta, A., Smith, R., Aagaard, R., Wu, A., … & Tretikov, L. A. (2019). U.S. Patent No. 10,467,633. U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Seethamraju, R. (2015). Adoption of Software as a Service & Enterprise Resource Planning Systems in small and medium-sized enterprises. Information systems frontiers, 17(3), 475-492.
Shen, Y. C., Chen, P. S., & Wang, C. H. (2016). A Study of Enterprise Resource Planning System Performance Measurement Using the Quantitative Balanced Scorecard Approach. Computers in Industry, 75, 127-139.
White, L. (2018). Qantas Still Calls Australia Home: The Spirit of Australia and the Flying Kangaroo. Tourist Studies, 18(3), 261-274.