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Assignment: Assessing and Diagnosing Patients With Schizophrenia, Other Psychotic Disorders, and Medication-Induced Movement Disorders
Psychotic disorders and schizophrenia are some of the most complicated and challenging diagnoses in the DSM. The symptoms of psychotic disorders may appear quite vivid in some patients; with others, symptoms may be barely observable. Additionally, symptoms may overlap among disorders. For example, specific symptoms, such as neurocognitive impairments, social problems, and illusions may exist in patients with schizophrenia but are also contributing symptoms for other psychotic disorders.
For this Assignment, you will analyze a case study related to schizophrenia, another psychotic disorder, or a medication-induced movement disorder.
To Prepare:
· Review this week’s Learning Resources and consider the insights they provide about assessing and diagnosing psychotic disorders. Consider whether experiences of psychosis-related symptoms are always indicative of a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Think about alternative diagnoses for psychosis-related symptoms.
· Download the Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template, which you will use to complete this Assignment. Also review the Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Exemplar to see an example of a completed evaluation document.
· By Day 1 of this week, select a specific video case study to use for this Assignment from the Video Case Selections choices in the Learning Resources. View your assigned video case and review the additional data for the case in the “Case History Reports” document, keeping the requirements of the evaluation template in mind.
· Consider what history would be necessary to collect from this patient.
· Consider what interview questions you would need to ask this patient.
· Identify at least three possible differential diagnoses for the patient.
Complete and submit your Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation, including your differential diagnosis and critical-thinking process to formulate primary diagnosis.
Incorporate the following into your responses in the template:
· Subjective: What details did the patient provide regarding their chief complaint and symptomology to derive your differential diagnosis? What is the duration and severity of their symptoms? How are their symptoms impacting their functioning in life?
· Objective: What observations did you make during the psychiatric assessment?
· Assessment: Discuss the patient’s mental status examination results. What were your differential diagnoses? Provide a minimum of three possible diagnoses with supporting evidence, listed in order from highest priority to lowest priority. Compare the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for each differential diagnosis and explain what DSM-5 criteria rules out the differential diagnosis to find an accurate diagnosis. Explain the critical-thinking process that led you to the primary diagnosis you selected. Include pertinent positives and pertinent negatives for the specific patient case.
· Reflection notes: What would you do differently with this client if you could conduct the session over? Also include in your reflection a discussion related to legal/ethical considerations (demonstrate critical thinking beyond confidentiality and consent for treatment!), health promotion and disease prevention taking into consideration patient factors (such as age, ethnic group, etc.), PMH, and other risk factors (e.g., socioeconomic, cultural background, etc.).
Week 7 Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders; Medication-Induced Movement Disorders Training
Title 9 Name: Ms. Nijah Branning
Gender: female
Age: 25 years old
T- 98.4 P- 80 R 18 128/78 Ht 5’0 Wt 120lbs
Background: Raised by parents, lives alone in Santa Monica, CA. Only child. Works in office supply sales, has a bachelor’s in business degree. Has medical history of hypothyroidism, currently treated with daily levothyroxine. Guarded and declined to discuss past psychiatric history. Denied family mental health issues, declined to allow you to speak to parents for collaborative information. Allergies: medical tape; menses regular
Symptom Media. (Producer). (2016). Training title 9 [Video]. https://video-alexanderstreetcom.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/watch/training-title-9 Training
Title 24 Name: Ms. Jess Cunningham
Gender: female
Age: 28 years old
T- 98.6 P- 86 R 20 120/70 Ht 5’2 Wt 126lbs
Background: Jess is brought for evaluation by her 2 roommates who are concerned with behaviors that began 12 days after Jess’s younger brother committed suicide in front of her via GSW after his girlfriend broke up with him. She is estranged from her parents and her brother was her only sibling. She is only sleeping 1–2 hours/24hrs; she will only canned foods. She smokes cannabis daily since she was 16, goes out on weekdays 2–3 times with her roommates and has couple drinks of beer. She was prescribed alprazolam 1mg twice daily as needed by her PCP for 15 days. She works as a bartender.
Symptom Media. (Producer). (2016). Training title 24 [Video]. https://video-alexanderstreetcom.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/watch/training-title-24 Training
Title 29 Name: Mr. Jay Feldman
Gender: male
Age:19 years old
T- 98.3 P- 69 R 16 106/72 Ht 5’7 Wt 117lbs
Background: European-American male. He has two younger brothers, one with history of ADHD, the other with history of anxiety. His mother has anxiety; his father has paranoia schizophrenia. He is home for spring break. He has no previous medical problems. Developmental milestones met as child. Appetite is inconsistent and it seems he has lost 18lbs since first going back to school in the fall. Jason has not acted this way before but did have a short trial of aripiprazole in the last six months of high school for mild paranoia. He stopped the medication after graduation as he could not tolerate due to side effects of akathisia. Jason has several friends but has not kept in touch with them since being back home. He has not been showering. Sleeping 4–5 hrs.
Symptom Media. (Producer). (2016). Training title 29 [Video]. https://video-alexanderstreetcom.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/watch/training-title-29 Training
Title 134 Name: Mrs. Bunny Warren
Gender: female Age: 33 years old
Background: Bunny was brought in by her best friend, Patty, after the police responded to her home the fifth time today. The police was threatening to arrest her for misuse of the 911 system, Bunny called you and you informed the police she needed to go the emergency room.
She has been calling 911 saying people are looking in her windows, standing across the street watching her, stated they are watching for her husband to return home so they can hurt him. Today, she has a stomachache. She believes there is a snake inside of her stomach which she would like to have removed. She stopped eating 2 days ago because of this.
During the assessment, the patient seemed on edge, anxious, and paranoid. The patient has history of scoliosis. This is her third presentation to this hospital, she had one psychiatric admission 2 years ago. No self-harm behaviors but has been physically aggressive toward others in the past. She is guarded and refuses to answer questions whether there are memory or concentration problems. She denies any recent head injuries. She states that she has been sleeping nightly, one or two hours at a time and waking up throughout the night. Refuses labs, refuses to have her vital signs obtained.
She obtains SSDI. She lives in Atlanta, GA. Bunny denies ever using any drugs and drinks occasionally, once a month. She has a sister who is ten years older, both parents deceased in the last two years. She has no children, her husband is out of town, truck driver. Family history includes that her father had two previous inpatient psychiatric hospitalizations after bad drug experiences in the 1970s, for one week each time. Mother had diagnosis and ongoing treatment for depression. Her paternal grandmother was state hospitalized for several years.
She denies any past history of traumatic experiences, but her friend does say that losing her parents was hard for her emotionally. No history of military service. No legal issues currently. Has HS diploma. Allergies: haloperidol
Symptom Media. (Producer). (2018). Training title 134 [Video]. https://video-alexanderstreetcom.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/watch/training-title-134
NRNP/PRAC 6635 Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template
Week (enter week #): (Enter assignment title)
Student Name
College of Nursing-PMHNP, Walden University
NRNP 6635: Psychopathology and Diagnostic Reasoning
Faculty Name
Assignment Due Date
Subjective:
CC (chief complaint):
HPI:
Past Psychiatric History:
· General Statement:
· Caregivers (if applicable):
· Hospitalizations:
· Medication trials:
· Psychotherapy or Previous Psychiatric Diagnosis:
Substance Current Use and History:
Family Psychiatric/Substance Use History:
Psychosocial History:
Medical History:
· Current Medications:
· Allergies:
· Reproductive Hx:
ROS:
· GENERAL:
· HEENT:
· SKIN:
· CARDIOVASCULAR:
· RESPIRATORY:
· GASTROINTESTINAL:
· GENITOURINARY:
· NEUROLOGICAL:
· MUSCULOSKELETAL:
· HEMATOLOGIC:
· LYMPHATICS:
· ENDOCRINOLOGIC:
Objective:
Physical exam: if applicable
Diagnostic results:
Assessment:
Mental Status Examination:
Differential Diagnoses:
Reflections:
References
© 2021 Walden University Page 3 of 3
NRNP/PRAC 6635 Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Exemplar
INSTRUCTIONS ON HOW TO USE EXEMPLAR AND TEMPLATE—READ CAREFULLY
If you are struggling with the format or remembering what to include, follow the Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template
AND
the Rubric as your guide. It is also helpful to review the rubric in detail in order not to lose points unnecessarily because you missed something required. Below highlights by category are taken directly from the grading rubric for the assignment in Weeks 4–10. After reviewing the full details of the rubric, you can use it as a guide.
In the Subjective section, provide:
· Chief complaint
· History of present illness (HPI)
· Past psychiatric history
· Medication trials and current medications
· Psychotherapy or previous psychiatric diagnosis
· Pertinent substance use, family psychiatric/substance use, social, and medical history
· Allergies
· ROS
· Read rating descriptions to see the grading standards!
In the Objective section, provide:
· Physical exam documentation of systems pertinent to the chief complaint, HPI, and history
· Diagnostic results, including any labs, imaging, or other assessments needed to develop the differential diagnoses.
· Read rating descriptions to see the grading standards!
In the Assessment section, provide:
· Results of the mental status examination,
presented in paragraph form.
· At least three differentials with supporting evidence. List them from top priority to least priority. Compare the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for each differential diagnosis and explain what DSM-5 criteria rules out the differential diagnosis to find an accurate diagnosis.
Explain the critical-thinking process that led you to the primary diagnosis you selected. Include pertinent positives and pertinent negatives for the specific patient case
.
· Read rating descriptions to see the grading standards!
Reflect on this case. Include: Discuss what you learned and what you might do differently. Also include in your reflection a discussion related to legal/ethical considerations (
demonstrate critical thinking beyond confidentiality and consent for treatment
!), health promotion and disease prevention taking into consideration patient factors (such as age, ethnic group, etc.), PMH, and other risk factors (e.g., socioeconomic, cultural background, etc.).
(The comprehensive evaluation is typically the initial new patient evaluation. You will practice writing this type of note in this course. You will be ruling out other mental illnesses so often you will write up what symptoms are present and what symptoms are not present from illnesses to demonstrate you have indeed assessed for all illnesses which could be impacting your patient. For example, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, bipolar symptoms, psychosis symptoms, substance use, etc.)
EXEMPLAR BEGINS HERE
CC (chief complaint): A brief statement identifying why the patient is here. This statement is verbatim of the patient’s own words about why presenting for assessment. For a patient with dementia or other cognitive deficits, this statement can be obtained from a family member.
HPI: Begin this section with patient’s initials, age, race, gender, purpose of evaluation, current medication and referral reason. For example:
N.M. is a 34-year-old Asian male presents for psychiatric evaluation for anxiety. He is currently prescribed sertraline which he finds ineffective. His PCP referred him for evaluation and treatment.
Or
P.H., a 16-year-old Hispanic female, presents for psychiatric evaluation for concentration difficulty. She is not currently prescribed psychotropic medications. She is referred by her therapist for medication evaluation and treatment.
Then, this section continues with the symptom analysis for your note. Thorough documentation in this section is essential for patient care, coding, and billing analysis.
Paint a picture of what is wrong with the patient. First what is bringing the patient to your evaluation. Then, include a PSYCHIATRIC REVIEW OF SYMPTOMS. The symptoms onset, duration, frequency, severity, and impact. Your description here will guide your differential diagnoses. You are seeking symptoms that may align with many DSM-5 diagnoses, narrowing to what aligns with diagnostic criteria for mental health and substance use disorders.
Past Psychiatric History: This section documents the patient’s past treatments. Use the mnemonic Go Cha MP.
General Statement: Typically, this is a statement of the patients first treatment experience. For example: The patient entered treatment at the age of 10 with counseling for depression during her parents’ divorce. OR The patient entered treatment for detox at age 26 after abusing alcohol since age 13.
Caregivers are listed if applicable.
Hospitalizations: How many hospitalizations? When and where was last hospitalization? How many detox? How many residential treatments? When and where was last detox/residential treatment? Any history of suicidal or homicidal behaviors? Any history of self-harm behaviors?
Medication trials: What are the previous psychotropic medications the patient has tried and what was their reaction? Effective, Not Effective, Adverse Reaction? Some examples: Haloperidol (dystonic reaction), risperidone (hyperprolactinemia), olanzapine (effective, insurance wouldn’t pay for it)
Psychotherapy or Previous Psychiatric Diagnosis: This section can be completed one of two ways depending on what you want to capture to support the evaluation. First, does the patient know what type? Did they find psychotherapy helpful or not? Why? Second, what are the previous diagnosis for the client noted from previous treatments and other providers. Thirdly, you could document both.
Substance Use History: This section contains any history or current use of caffeine, nicotine, illicit substance (including marijuana), and alcohol. Include the daily amount of use and last known use. Include type of use such as inhales, snorts, IV, etc. Include any histories of withdrawal complications from tremors, Delirium Tremens, or seizures.
Family Psychiatric/Substance Use History: This section contains any family history of psychiatric illness, substance use illnesses, and family suicides. You may choose to use a genogram to depict this information. Be sure to include a reader’s key to your genogram or write up in narrative form.
Social History: This section may be lengthy if completing an evaluation for psychotherapy or shorter if completing an evaluation for psychopharmacology. However, at a minimum, please include:
Where patient was born, who raised the patient
Number of brothers/sisters (what order is the patient within siblings)
Who the patient currently lives with in a home? Are they single, married, divorced, widowed? How many children?
Educational Level
Hobbies:
Work History: currently working/profession, disabled, unemployed, retired?
Legal history: past hx, any current issues?
Trauma history: Any childhood or adult history of trauma?
Violence Hx: Concern or issues about safety (personal, home, community, sexual (current & historical)
Medical History: This section contains any illnesses, surgeries, include any hx of seizures, head injuries.
Current Medications: Include dosage, frequency, length of time used, and reason for use. Also include OTC or homeopathic products.
Allergies: Include medication, food, and environmental allergies separately. Provide a description of what the allergy is (e.g., angioedema, anaphylaxis). This will help determine a true reaction vs. intolerance.
Reproductive Hx: Menstrual history (date of LMP), Pregnant (yes or no), Nursing/lactating (yes or no), contraceptive use (method used), types of intercourse: oral, anal, vaginal, other, any sexual concerns
ROS: Cover all body systems that may help you include or rule out a differential diagnosis. Please note: THIS IS DIFFERENT from a physical examination!
You should list each system as follows: General: Head: EENT: etc. You should list these in bullet format and document the systems in order from head to toe.
Example of Complete ROS:
GENERAL: No weight loss, fever, chills, weakness, or fatigue.
HEENT: Eyes: No visual loss, blurred vision, double vision, or yellow sclerae. Ears, Nose, Throat: No hearing loss, sneezing, congestion, runny nose, or sore throat.
SKIN: No rash or itching.
CARDIOVASCULAR: No chest pain, chest pressure, or chest discomfort. No palpitations or edema.
RESPIRATORY: No shortness of breath, cough, or sputum.
GASTROINTESTINAL: No anorexia, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. No abdominal pain or blood.
GENITOURINARY: Burning on urination, urgency, hesitancy, odor, odd color
NEUROLOGICAL: No headache, dizziness, syncope, paralysis, ataxia, numbness, or tingling in the extremities. No change in bowel or bladder control.
MUSCULOSKELETAL: No muscle, back pain, joint pain, or stiffness.
HEMATOLOGIC: No anemia, bleeding, or bruising.
LYMPHATICS: No enlarged nodes. No history of splenectomy.
ENDOCRINOLOGIC: No reports of sweating, cold, or heat intolerance. No polyuria or polydipsia.
Physical exam (If applicable and if you have opportunity to perform—document if exam is completed by PCP): From head to toe, include what you see, hear, and feel when doing your physical exam. You only need to examine the systems that are pertinent to the CC, HPI, and History. Do not use “WNL” or “normal.” You must describe what you see. Always document in head-to-toe format i.e., General: Head: EENT: etc.
Diagnostic results: Include any labs, X-rays, or other diagnostics that are needed to develop the differential diagnoses (support with evidenced and guidelines).
A
ssessment
Mental Status Examination: For the purposes of your courses, this section must be presented in paragraph form and not use of a checklist! This section you will describe the patient’s appearance, attitude, behavior, mood and affect, speech, thought processes, thought content, perceptions (hallucinations, pseudohallucinations, illusions, etc.)., cognition, insight, judgment, and SI/HI. See an example below. You will modify to include the specifics for your patient on the above elements—DO NOT just copy the example. You may use a preceptor’s way of organizing the information if the MSE is in paragraph form.
He is an 8-year-old African American male who looks his stated age. He is cooperative with examiner. He is neatly groomed and clean, dressed appropriately. There is no evidence of any abnormal motor activity. His speech is clear, coherent, normal in volume and tone. His thought process is goal directed and logical. There is no evidence of looseness of association or flight of ideas. His mood is euthymic, and his affect appropriate to his mood. He was smiling at times in an appropriate manner. He denies any auditory or visual hallucinations. There is no evidence of any delusional thinking. He denies any current suicidal or homicidal ideation. Cognitively, he is alert and oriented. His recent and remote memory is intact. His concentration is good. His insight is good.
Differential Diagnoses: You must have at least three differentials with supporting evidence. Explain what rules each differential in or out and justify your primary diagnosis selection. You will use supporting evidence from the literature to support your rationale. Include pertinent positives and pertinent negatives for the specific patient case.
Also included in this section is the reflection. Reflect on this case and discuss whether or not you agree with your preceptor’s assessment and diagnostic impression of the patient and why or why not. What did you learn from this case? What would you do differently?
Also include in your reflection a discussion related to legal/ethical considerations (demonstrating critical thinking beyond confidentiality and consent for treatment!), health promotion and disease prevention taking into consideration patient factors (such as age, ethnic group, etc.), PMH, and other risk factors (e.g., socioeconomic, cultural background, etc.).
References (move to begin on next page)
You are required to include at least three evidence-based, peer-reviewed journal articles or evidenced-based guidelines which relate to this case to support your diagnostics and differentials diagnoses. Be sure to use correct APA 7th edition formatting.
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