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Research and Data Analysis in Health Care

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November 2nd, 2022
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Dataset: HMGT400HOSPITAL.csv (may be downloaded below.)

Required analysis program: Analysis ToolPak – for all analyses in this class (RStudio or R Programming for BONUS point seekers only – 10 bonus points if used for analysis).

Author, Hossein Zare, PhD

Citation: Zare, H. (2017). HMGT 400 Research and Data Analysis in Health Care-Exercise. UMGC.EDU

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Exercise # 1 Instructions:

1. You may download the dataset from the link below. This dataset provides information about hospitals in 2011 and 2012. Before you do that however consult the additional instructions that I provided to you in 4 PDF email attachments.  ([a]. Ex 1 – Additional Instructions. [b] Ex 1 – Instructions t-Test to compare means [c] Ex 1 – Example t-Test Output. [d] Ex 1 – Example Output – Graphs).

2. Analyze the data, using these instructions. Your objective is to use the results of your analysis to create “summary statistics” (Count (N), Mean, and Standard Deviation) for each hospital characteristic and each year (2011 and 2012) and complete Table 1 (template below). You should then create any meaningful graphs (using Excel) to summarize your findings and to write a short paragraph summary report describing your findings.

3. Your report may be in WORD format, with the tables you create in Excel copied and pasted in WORD. Submit your report to the appropriate folder. 

Table 1. Descriptive statistics between hospitals in 2011 & 2012

##################
##################
# Exercise #1
##################
##################
# This week you can work with the DPLYR packages this package help you to get your results with only a few lines codes
sink(“C:/UMUC/week1exercise.txt”)
# Step 1: Install package dplyr & read it
# install.packages(‘dplyr’)
library(dplyr)
# Step 2: Read your data
# Pl change the location of file, please see the following video to learn about the location of file in your computer.
hosp <- read.csv("C:/UMUC/HMGT400HOSPITAL.csv", header=T, sep = ',') # if you are working with MAC the above line should be: hosp <- read.csv("~/DOCUMNETS/UMUC/HMGT400HOSPITAL.csv", header=T, sep = ',') #Step 3: See the variables' names names (hosp) #You need to make sure you have the following variable in the dataset ##1 hospital_beds; Hospital beds ##2 total_hospital_employees_on_payr;Number of paid Employee ##3 total_hospital_non_paid_workers; Number of non-paid Employee ##4 total_hosp_cost; Total hospital cost ##5 log_hosp_revenue; Total hospital revenues ##6 total_hospital_medicare_days; Available Medicare days ##7 total_hospital_medicaid_days; Available Medicaid days ##8 total_hospital_discharges; Total Hospital Discharge ##9 total_hospital_medicare_discharg; Medicare discharge ##10 total_hospital_medicaid_discharg; Medicaid discharge # step 4: see number of obs. for teaching and non-teaching hospitals # This command shows that how many observations are available for 2011 and 2012 table(hosp$year) # Step 5: group the variable YEAR by using the group_by command year_cat <- group_by(hosp, year) # Step 6: See the means summarize (year_cat, bed=mean(hospital_beds, na.rm=T), payer=mean(total_hospital_employees_on_payr, na.rm=T), nopayer=mean(total_hospital_non_paid_workers, na.rm=T), cost=mean(total_hosp_cost, na.rm=T), revenue=mean(total_hosp_revenue, na.rm=T), medicare=mean(total_hospital_medicare_days, na.rm=T), mediciad=mean(total_hospital_medicaid_days, na.rm=T), totdis=mean(total_hospital_discharges, na.rm=T), mediciaredis=mean(total_hospital_medicare_discharg, na.rm=T), mediciaddis=mean(total_hospital_medicaid_discharg, na.rm=T)) # Step 7: See the SD summarize (year_cat, bed=sd(hospital_beds, na.rm=T), payer=sd(total_hospital_employees_on_payr, na.rm=T), nopayer=sd(total_hospital_non_paid_workers, na.rm=T), cost=sd(total_hosp_cost, na.rm=T), revenue=sd(total_hosp_revenue, na.rm=T), medicare=sd(total_hospital_medicare_days, na.rm=T), mediciad=sd(total_hospital_medicaid_days, na.rm=T), totdis=sd(total_hospital_discharges, na.rm=T), mediciaredis=sd(total_hospital_medicare_discharg, na.rm=T), mediciaddis=sd(total_hospital_medicaid_discharg, na.rm=T)) # write.table(tme1, file = "C:/UMUC/t1me1.csv", sep = ",", quote = FALSE, row.names = F) # write.table(tse1, file = "C:/UMUC/t2se2.csv", sep = ",", quote = FALSE, row.names = F) # Step 8: Generate 2 dataset for a ttest. hosp_11 <- subset(hosp, hosp$year==2011) hosp_12 <- subset(hosp, hosp$year==2012) # Step 9: See the results of ttest # 9-1 t.test(hosp_11$hospital_beds, hosp_12$hospital_beds, paired = F) # 9-2 t.test(hosp_11$total_hospital_employees_on_payr, hosp_12$total_hospital_employees_on_payr, paired = F) # 9-3 t.test(hosp_11$total_hospital_non_paid_workers, hosp_12$total_hospital_non_paid_workers, paired = F) # 9-4 t.test(hosp_11$total_hosp_cost, hosp_12$total_hosp_cost, paired = F) # 9-5 t.test(hosp_11$total_hosp_revenue, hosp_12$total_hosp_revenue, paired = F) # 9-6 t.test(hosp_11$total_hospital_medicare_days, hosp_12$total_hospital_medicare_days, paired = F) # 9-7 t.test(hosp_11$total_hospital_medicaid_days, hosp_12$total_hospital_medicaid_days, paired = F) # 9-8 t.test(hosp_11$total_hospital_discharges, hosp_12$total_hospital_discharges, paired = F) # 9-9 t.test(hosp_11$total_hospital_medicare_discharg, hosp_12$total_hospital_medicare_discharg, paired = F) # 9-10 t.test(hosp_11$total_hospital_medicaid_discharg, hosp_12$total_hospital_medicaid_discharg, paired = F) # Step 10: Generate 2 dataset for a ttest. # N for 2011 ############ # 10-1 mytable <- table(hosp_11$hospital_beds) summary(mytable) # 10-2 mytable <- table(hosp_11$total_hospital_employees_on_payr) summary(mytable) # 10-3 mytable <- table(hosp_11$total_hospital_non_paid_workers) summary(mytable) # 10-4 mytable <- table(hosp_11$total_hosp_cost) summary(mytable) # 10-5 mytable <- table(hosp_11$total_hosp_revenue) summary(mytable) # 10-6 mytable <- table(hosp_11$total_hospital_medicare_days) summary(mytable) # 10-7 mytable <- table(hosp_11$total_hospital_medicaid_days) summary(mytable) # 10-8 mytable <- table(hosp_11$total_hospital_discharges) summary(mytable) # 10-9 mytable <- table(hosp_11$total_hospital_medicare_discharg) summary(mytable) # 10-10 mytable <- table(hosp_11$total_hospital_medicaid_discharg) summary(mytable) # N for 2012 ############ # 10-1 mytable <- table(hosp_12$hospital_beds) summary(mytable) # 10-2 mytable <- table(hosp_12$total_hospital_employees_on_payr) summary(mytable) # 10-3 mytable <- table(hosp_12$total_hospital_non_paid_workers) summary(mytable) # 10-4 mytable <- table(hosp_12$total_hosp_cost) summary(mytable) # 10-5 mytable <- table(hosp_12$total_hosp_revenue) summary(mytable) # 10-6 mytable <- table(hosp_12$total_hospital_medicare_days) summary(mytable) # 10-7 mytable <- table(hosp_12$total_hospital_medicaid_days) summary(mytable) # 10-8 mytable <- table(hosp_12$total_hospital_discharges) summary(mytable) # 10-9 mytable <- table(hosp_12$total_hospital_medicare_discharg) summary(mytable) # 10-10 mytable <- table(hosp_12$total_hospital_medicaid_discharg) summary(mytable) #11 To see the boc plot you can use the codes from week 1 boxplot (hosp$hospital_beds~hosp$year, main="Figure 1. Comparing number of beds in in teaching & non-teaching hospitals",cex.main=1, xlab="Year", ylab="# of Beds") #12 Remove outliers and see the plot hosppic <- subset(hosp, hosp$hospital_beds<2000) boxplot (hosppic$hospital_beds~hosppic$year, main="Figure 2. Comparing number of beds in in teaching & non-teaching hospitals, if hospital bed<2000", cex.main=1, xlab="Year", ylab="# of Beds") sink() # Thank you # Dr. Zare HMGT400

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HMGT400HOSPITAL.csv

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>HMGT 400 6

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0 1 2

1

Florida 39 2012 1.31E+08

E+08

175 4 0 1 0 75.4 0 2 2 24.6

83 1043 1

Florida 39 2012

8 1 0 1

0 1 2

62067

0

Florida 39 2012 2.58E+08 2.43E+08 395 6 1 0 2 76.9 0 1 2

2

Florida 39 2012

666 8 1 0 3 15.4 0 0 2 84.6

2

Florida 39 2012

1.75E+08 99 3 1 1 0 76.1 0 1 2 23.9

3.912

1

Florida 39 2012 2.07E+08

204 5 1 1 0 74.5 0 1 2 25.5

302.82

2

Florida 39 2012 3.57E+08

214 5 1 1 0 56.6 0 1 2 43.4

2995

2

Florida 39 2012 4.24E+08 4.45E+08 571 8 1 1 0 43.5 0 0 2

634.368

314

0

Florida 39 2012 4.00E+08

524 8 1 1 0 76.9 0 1 2 23.1

3

1093

0

Florida 39 2012

1.02E+08 147 4 1 1 0 53.7 0 1 2 46.3

154.5

480 4885 2

Florida 39 2012 3.38E+08

322 6 1 1 0 53.7 0 1 2 46.3

0

Florida 39 2012

2.55E+08 396 6 1 1 0 75.4 0 2 2 24.6

458.35

0

Florida 39 2012 2.14E+08 2.23E+08

6 1 1 0 74.5 0 1 2 25.5

55.62

636

0

Florida 39 2012

8 1 1 0 53.7 0 1 2 46.3

0

Florida 39 2012

1.56E+08 198 4 1 1 0

0 1 2 17.2

220.42

102

0

Florida 39 2012

2.13E+08 395 6 1 1 0 76.9 0 1 2 23.1

19.17685

2147

0

Florida 39 2012

168 4 1 1 0 76.9 0 1 2 23.1

349

2

Florida 39 2012

258 5 1 1 0 76.9 0 1 2 23.1

5.22

347

1

Florida 39 2012

5.21E+08 620 8 1 1 1 56.6 0 1 2 43.4

8471

0

Florida 39 2012

939 8 1 1 1 63.7 0 2 2

532

0

Florida 39 2012

466 7 1 1 2

0 1 2 33.8

6

9429

0

Florida 39 2012 4.37E+08

501 8 1 1 3 56.6 0 1 2 43.4

0

38 2012 2.25E+08

313 6 0 0 0

0 2 2

226.6

490

1

Georgia 38 2012

88 3 0 0 0

0 2 2

1.38

1208

0

Georgia 38 2012

1.53E+08 57 3 0 0 0 62 0 2 2 38

762

0

Georgia 38 2012 8.09E+07

101 4 0 0 0 52 0 1 2 48

321.36

585

0

Georgia 38 2012

1.85E+08 236 5 0 0 0 50.4 0 1 2

784

1

Georgia 38 2012 2.27E+08

285 5 0 0 0 50.4 0 1 2 49.6

379

0

Georgia 38 2012

921 8 0 0 1 40.8 0 1 1 59.2

1

Georgia 38 2012 2.03E+08

237 5 0 1 0 60.5 0 2 2

117

0

Georgia 38 2012 5.67E+07

52 3 0 1 0 56.3 0 1 2 43.7

0

Georgia 38 2012

48 2 0 1 0 94.5 0 1 2 5.5

140.08

541 6172 1

Georgia 38 2012

1.06E+08 39 2 0 1 0

0 1 2 27.1

43.26

177

0

Georgia 38 2012 2.28E+08

5 0 1 0 40.8 0 1 1 59.2

136

1

Georgia 38 2012

580 8 0 1 0 56.3 0 1 2 43.7

456

0

Georgia 38 2012

115 4 0 1 0 68.2 0 2 2 31.8

1184

1

Georgia 38 2012 1.47E+08

143 4 0 1 0

0 1 2

41.2

596

1

Georgia 38 2012

1.11E+08 80 3 0 1 0 79.9 0 1 2 20.1

71.07

441

0

Georgia 38 2012

216 5 0 1 0 75 0 1 2 25

5.1

72

3 125 1

Georgia 38 2012

283 2 0 1 0 54.8 1 0 2 45.2

25.75

21 415 2

Georgia 38 2012

1.03E+07 120 4 0 1 0

1 0 2

84.46

48 692 0

Georgia 38 2012

579 8 0 1 1 29.4 0 1 2

0

Georgia 38 2012 2.07E+08 2.41E+08 230 5 0 1 2 62.2 0 2 2 37.8

1305.488 372

0

Georgia 38 2012

84 3 0 1 2 40.8 0 1 1 59.2

989 8593 2

Georgia 38 2012 5.51E+07

321 4 0 1 2 43.7 0 2 2 56.3

248

0

Georgia 38 2012

25 2 0 1 3

0 2 2 30.6

25.75

50 390 0

Georgia 38 2012

491 7 1 0 0 44 0 1 2 56

0

Georgia 38 2012 2.08E+08

274 5 1 0 0 14.1 0 1 2

1

Georgia 38 2012

55 3 1 0 0 62.4 1 0 2

66.95

240

0

Georgia 38 2012

113 4 1 0 0 76 1 0 2 24

56.65

121

0

Georgia 38 2012

538 8 1 0 1 50.4 0 1 2 49.6

1

Georgia 38 2012

2.94E+08 303 6 1 0 2

0 1 2 26.3

19.499

17.9

1

Georgia 38 2012

165 4 1 1 0 57.1 0 1 2 42.9

0

Georgia 38 2012

571 8 1 1 0 40.8 0 1 1 59.2

55.62

394

0

Georgia 38 2012

436 7 1 1 0 29.4 0 1 2 70.6

0

Georgia 38 2012

481 7 1 1 0 40.8 0 1 1 59.2

3.06

762

0

Georgia 38 2012 5.97E+08

440 7 1 1 0 28.9 0 2 2 71.1

11

3489

0

Georgia 38 2012

148 4 1 1 0 67.8 0 1 2 32.2

436

0

Georgia 38 2012

2.26E+08 176 4 1 1 0 72.9 0 1 2 27.1

161.71

503

2

Georgia 38 2012

45 2 1 1 0 40.9 0 2 2

169.95

533

2

43 2012

stata_name stcd year total_hosp_cost total_hosp_revenue hospital_beds bedsize_cat teaching_hospital system_member level_trauma white rural_area herf_cat herf_index non_white log_hosp_cost log_hosp_revenue total_hospital_beds total_hospital_medicare_days total_hospital_medicaid_days interns_and_residents total_hospital_employees_on_payr total_hospital_non_paid_workers total_hospital_medicare_discharg total_hospital_medicaid_discharg total_hospital_discharges own
Arizona 86 20 1.

 8

9 1.73E+07 19 58 41 16 54 35 16.

66 85 168 11 55 8

206 855.0

 48 26 95 88 2867 8879
2012 8.01E+07 7.

94 58.5 41.5 1

8.1 75 18.1 13 14 29 2

42 52 120 24 41

17 697 69

98
1.47E+08 1.

33 134 18.

 80 46 18.70

265 74.1 3

 78 4

354 49 1305.488 1

 25 43
7.74E+07 8.81E+07 72 18.16424 18.294

 39 25.75 306 2

25.42 132.84 74.5 2

57
1.53E+08 1.41E+08 187 18.8

 45 18.

 76 19.57 1

 545 98.94 139.608 259.0

96 429
1.60E+07 1.70E+07 21 20.4 79.6 16.5 16.6

50 44 20.6 1042.44 235 18

5.1 160.

128 366
7.02E+08 7.55E+08 460 55.3 44.7 20.36947 20.4425 4

 93 2

83 29.4 468

40.4 3

 56 4570.98 5

216 913 26341
2.07E+07 2.29E+07 16.

843 16.9

479 237 5724.24 110 95.39 1073.82 11

95.4 1

481 6836
1.67E+08 1.72E+08 163 18.

934 18.96016 14.42 9

61.8 255 154.62 1

51
2.32E+07 2.06E+07 16.9

596 16.84255 3816.84 1180.14 307 1

 159 312 27
9.60E+07 1.20E+08 3

550 18.

 379 18.5

989 37.08 113 2433.72 315.804 433.68 660 2426
1.31E+08 1.49E+08 18.68941 18.82107 101 84

94.5 3

 71 882.924 204 304 4332
1.81E+08 1.

99 19.01667 19.

109 3

60.5 12812.22 9098.4 1110 3155.856 2109 10925
5.37E+07 3.92E+07 17.79862 17.4

8499 210.12 103 9235.08 1

303 2696.6 271 12235
2.28E+08 2.45E+08 19.

244 19.31838 354.32 272 97

 31.8 171 7

236 2559 18413
3.15E+08 3.79E+08 267 55.2 44.8 19.56899 19.7525 2

52.3 16

108 157 18

94.1 396 728 3487 12895
2.64E+08 2.81E+08 19.

390 19.

453 273.98 179

60.1 16340.4 1704.816 42

32.2 3447 16298
4.70E+08 5.17E+08 19.96899 20.0

636
3.94E+08 4.35E+08 19.79191 19.89182
3.48 3.67E+07 65.9 34.1 17.36

 395 17.

418
5.24E+07 5.62E+07 47.7 17.77366 1

7.84 507.79 29487.18 40869.36 44.66 309 7225.776 8

762 296
4.28E+08 4.54E+08 553 19.8756 19.9329 50.4 2

233 2249.1 500.772 5

63.7 654 2095
1.22E+08 1.23E+08 43.9 56.1 18.61977 18.62993 91.67 414 5

 121 788 1223.2 1544 3712
2.23E+08 2.16E+08 19.22

 436 19.19

189 2

 44.1 29369.88 214 89.71 5149.536 6878.832 264 12315
2.27E+08 2.68E+08 19.

240 19.40528 397.58 384 497 1.88 2182.056 97

23.3 1340 220
9.23E+08 9.84E+08 20.64341 20.70665 327.54 322 11889.12 186 8493.

456 2780 20464
2.72E+08 2.95E+08 19.42014 19.

502 169.95 84

 33.3 12750 105 2

 466 4690 136
6.06E+08 6.80E+08 20.

221 20.33736 585 37101.48 53716.26 129.3 441 7460.408 106 36275
1.98E+08 2.41E+08 19.1031 19.30064 220.42 12159.42 24371.88 1554.48 3299.304 5

620 18796
Arkansas 8

 125 7994

666 15.9 15.8

9429 111.24 815 1690.14 717.768 2257.36 803 4634
7.38E+07 7.72E+07 95.2 4.

8000 18.11635 18.16157 1

20.5 115 14.7 1

907 704.808 2766.656 561 4925
7.12E+07 7.71E+07 124 18.08072 18.16073 13.39 1.02
2.28E+07 2.36E+07 68.2 16.9437 16.97513 1785 57.1 103.896 394
1.05E+07 1.03E+07 16.16907 16.

 143 1

1

 64.8 44.88 178.392 306.912
1.62E+07 1.88E+07 40.3 59.7 16.60155 16.75008 10

51.6 194.82 117
9525674 8233617 92.2 7.800003 16.0695 15.92

374 2970.24 762.96 180.468 760.608 1243
2.08E+07 2.22E+07 84.1 16.85083 16.9

146 32

 77.2 839.46 1

77.7 684.992 144 1136
1.90E+07 1.95E+07 16.75869 16.

784 1048.56 140.76 108.792 253.536 380
7

280 6124331 15.80064 15.62778 2063.46 1

147 203.184 529.312 427 1213
8981868 8779914 46.8 53.2 16.01072 15.98798
1.80E+08 333 41.4 58.6 19.00796 19.00953 226.6 21352.68 3790.32 16.25 1445.7 5354.28 1043 11

444
1.61E+08 1.64E+08 266 18.89993 18.91253 284.28 39680.04 102 16.76 1947.264 8560.

176 2906 17086
5.86E+07 5.84E+07 4.599998 17.88697 17.88236 117.42 10665.12 2298.06 700.38 227 863 4928
1.34E+08 82.4 17.6 18.71023 18.71331 172.01 20803.92 27

 83.5 1168.872 5972.552 939 9666
2.37E+08 2.55E+08 375 19.

282 19.35728
3.19E+07 3.25E+07 17.2 17.29597 59.74 3112.02 1

 345 344.82 821.768 2632
2.39E+07 3.39E+07 5.900002 16.99044 17.34 30.9 18

81.9 263.16 171.948 603.816
1.65E+07 1.69E+07 95.9 4.099998 16.

62067 16.64345 2254.2 130.56 210.636 449.

248 600
1.85E+07 1.91E+07 76.7 16.73334 16.76492
1.34E+07 1.19E+07 16.41199 16.29221 1712.58 5

 48.7 1

40.9 385.

864 834
9563577 8

258 93.8 6.199997 16.07

347 15.92679 29111.82 4643.04 1369.116 6231.648 1

279 10879
1.78E+08 1.75E+08 18.9969 18.9805 10821.18 2282.76 973 3209.232 8682
1.58E+08 141 76.6 23.4 18.88097 18.99704 1110.78 80.58 70.944 2

 24.6
1.02E+07 7574942 85.3 16.13752 15.84036 24.72 1094.46 60.18 53.4 264.656 377
1.51E+08 1.56E+08 89.8 10.2 18.83054 18.86587 4

42.9 47683.98 10017.42 1928.376 9

634.368 2162 20543
3.57E+08 3.23E+08 409 19.69448 19.59453 142 213

30.24 3384.36 1

202 4

 393 1182
4.74E+08 4.73E+08 703 19.

976 19.97376 691.13 70966.5 12676.56 5.5 3352.536 1

308 3029 323
2.22E+08 72.8 27.2 19.21836 19.11002 302.82 26373.12 498 15

58.8 5163.016 1518 1

2147
1.25E+07 1.36E+07 67.4 32.6 16.34282 16.42

407 2405.16 1

 58.1 142.2 444.8 668
1.63E+07 1.99E+07 16.60

686 16.80791 1399.44 181 169.704 384.752 727
76

353 6872063 15.8483 15.

742 16.48 861.9 51.816 140.112 174
6.05E+07 5.55E+07 45.2 54.8 17.9 17.83119 126.69 8201.82 2879.46 572.868 1688.016 1039 3657
California 8.37E+07 8.64E+07 18.24

 239 18.

274 215.27 193 8950.5 1236.408 3642.912 1993 10069
2.31E+07 2.02E+07 75.2 24.8 16.9

538 16.82317 41602.74 2518.38 314 9791.16 522 177
2.42E+08 2.25E+08 46.7 53.3 19.30451 19.23256 161.71 14347.32 313 1226.292 2643.224 7

148
9.66E+07 1.11E+08 41.9 18.

3858 18.52615 342.99 17

475 33

372 1618.824 3384.928 8768 16195
2.58E+08 2.94E+08 66.7 19.36954 19.499 109.18 7997.82 10123.5 798.78 1407.792 3150 491
2.63E+08 3.03E+08 51.3 19.38597 19.52821 55.62 4399.26 989.4 345.492 840.672 1917
3.85E+08 4.66E+08 32.9 67.1 19.76832 19.96018 249.26 156 7954.98 1809.6 3620.672 1685 12906
4.86E+08 5.21E+08 27.8 72.2 20.00236 20.07216 321 26351.7 7998.84 2909.496 5955.872 2082 23435
5.25E+08 4.99E+08 540 39.7 60.3 20.07814 20.02845 287.37 165 4

152 1958.664 3880.88 15273
3.09E+08 3.20E+08 19.5

4885 19.58282 3

22.3 230 24211.74 16

 22.8 4431.32 4284 13660
2.88E+08 3.17E+08 212 41.2 19.

478 19.57406 27895.98 16155.78 1423.416 6154.92 3730 13004
3.22E+08 3.34E+08 40.8 59.2 19.58895 19.62522 185.4 13104.96 2485.74 1695.288 3135.84 8

198
5.57E+07 5.67E+07 79.5 17.83623 17.85366 22

 15.4 1472.88 434.

592 718.352 1537
3.74E+07 4.62E+07 17.43634 17.64939 250 2

477 15975.24 1715.748 4708.208 2910 14821
5.94E+07 7.33E+07 47.9 52.1 17.89945 18.

1093 107.12 9324.84 2806.02 710.172 2688.816 5062
3.08E+08 3.25E+08 38.6 61.4 19.5469 19.60048 71.07 669 1771.74 453.816 2030.512 4037
2.43E+08 2.08E+08 19.30917 19.1

532 60.77 2642.82 418.2 375.6 785.072 2661
1.87E+08 2.07E+08 19.0

480 19.14685 54.59 5389.68 406.8 15

 84.6 2727
1.03E+08 1.09E+08 1242 76.1 23.9 18.45084 18.50496 269.86 177

37.8 17

 68.6 1986.924 4334.576 11887
2.24E+08 2.48E+08 1783 42.3 57.7 19.22678 19.

3280 105.06 6401.52 1148.52 535.548 1491 5027
4.00E+07 4.76E+07 31.4 17.

503 17.67836 58.71 2053.26 30.6 257.484 651.632 1288
1.86E+08 19.04287 19.10839 449.08 52339.26 11078.22 2757.108 11454.712 2545 29946
1.39E+07 16.44688 16.64142 318.27 19595.22 8000.88 3532.908 4809.4 2558 18288
1.24E+08 35.9 64.1 18.38029 18.63943 460.02 531.42 149.232 163.464 1630
6.73E+07 6.66E+07 71.1 28.9 18.02411 18.01483 141.11 13417.08 4460.46 789.12 3066.896 1034 7860
1.33E+08 1.25E+08 18.70688 18.64669 12643.92 358.02 970.224 2887.864 6935
1.60E+08 86.5 13.5 18.76573 18.88831 84.46 6355.62 1924.74 542.568 1518.992 3975
4.87E+08 5.04E+08 20.00318 20.03885 11.33 660.96 7

3.06 199.048
5.04E+07 6.82E+07 59.6 17.7354 18.03785 196.73 13620.06 60

43.5 1190.4 3439.416 3210 12848
4.55E+08 4.80E+08 32.7 67.3 19.93521 19.98838 115.36 7485.78 405.96 530.4 12.32 2234.008 4481
6.83E+07 6.96E+07 25.9 18.03876 18.05868 323

0.34 292.74 264.048 702.784 1296
6.46E+08 6.89E+08 55.9 20.

285 20.3507 329.6 24360.66 5361.12 4.58 1061.004 4736.008 938 8570
2.78E+08 2.82E+08 19.44332 19.45811 86.52 12898.92 3023.28 1032.972 2607.64 5029
9.73E+07 1.02E+08 18.39368 18.43843 266.77 21607.68 9158.58 2021.328 4560.312 1911 20603
1.59E+08 1208 47.8 52.2 18.88354 18.84627
5.33E+07 5.68E+07 17.79122 17.85493 3086.52 588.54 245.52 867.36 167 1348
6.03E+07 6.46E+07 17.91459 17.98439 43.26 4098.36 1166.88 308.088 1142.024 2224
4.37E+08 4.96E+08 19.89648 20.02287 806.49 27886.8 30456.18 5838 3777 30291
4.52E+08 5.14E+08 19.92842 20.05856 3

14.1 1973 1961.46 2680.8 4512.496 822 13759
3.48E+08 3.73E+08 66.1 33.9 19.66828 19.73

579 26679.12 4160.58 1502.376 5537.76 11481
4.81E+08 5.79E+08 19.99043 20.1 379.04 37915.44 4

533 2933.34 7730.624 19723
7.63E+08 8.31E+08 367 20.45262 20.53808 478.95 29534.1 5441.7 2446.992 6411.792 1025 19685
1.13E+08 18.4536 18.54419 458.35 31575.12 2

1291 3073.2 8241.032 4480 26677
2.57E+08 56.4 43.6 19.36634 19.44479 5391.72 3190.56 618.588 1666.888 3994
6.63E+07 7.13E+07 18.0099 18.0818 3918.84 1512.66 328.332 1056.4 1969
6.74E+07 64.7 35.3 18.02684 17.98408 3805.62 1477.98 1037.496 495 2255
1.06E+08 1.16E+08 18.47759 18.56939 403.76 18557.88 13225.32 18.74 26

 27.1 4271.192 2621 1

8593
1.82E+08 1.79E+08 19.02136 19.00235 195.7 175 7257.3 3387.152 6989
6.36E+07 5.99E+07 17.96887 17.9083 412 18707.82 501 17.65 2959.068 45.6288 3696.288 7583 22045
4.56E+08 19.93762 19.9598 198.79 9593.1 11720.82 902.292 1704.696 2321 9361
1.66E+08 18.91792 18.92596 204.97 149

33.8 6092.46 1263.036 3233.696 1464 1

1678
2.03E+08 19.02069 19.12927 176.13 8307.9 7429.68 1357.212 1823.68 1074 10992
2.90E+08 2.91E+08 19.4847 19.48806 3470.04 1420.86 625.608 668.312 2227
1.44E+08 18.76512 18.78362 359.47 32444.16 8875.02 1801.86 6362.864 2165 15236
1.35E+08 79.9 18.52687 18.71942 110.21 8471 3358.86 333.6 1745.84 3323
2.34E+09 2.72E+09 892 21.57244 21.72396 893.01 108793.2 21537.3 281.04 124

 76.9 20222.832 3768 541
5.12E+08 5.27E+08 20.05353 20.08344 42753.3 16850.4 38.44 3241.824 8

921 29677
4.24E+08 4.09E+08 19.86492 19.82912 245.14 34207.74 11133.3 2235.012 7790.672 2640 14466
4.56E+07 5.51E+07 31.9 68.1 17.63599 17.82474 250.29 23731.32 5279.52 1562.388 6232.76 17397
2.89E+08 19.36649 19.4812 319.3 21239.46 37095.36 65.2 1879.668 41

 25.5 7663 19260
6.88E+07 7.54E+07 18.04629 18.13839 201.88 23311.08 7839.72 1583.532 4829.416
19.23295 19.23893 108.15 6876.84 2618.34 519.432 1426.696 556 5533
2.15E+08 19.18742 19.23952 47.38 2271.54 871.08 271.02 440 1557
19.53045 19.47883 495.43 32617.56 30962.1 2343.648 6134.904 6172 24965
2.51E+08 19.3656 19.33908 333.72 18473.22 7017.6 23.43 1416.36 3808.6 1196 11694
4.40E+08 19.8658 19.90233 49.44 2147.1 1880.88 2.47 346.032 781.736 3403
3.98E+08 4.93E+08 19.80239 20.01652 209.09 22103.4 11735.1 1752.276 4546.968 16985
1.65E+08 1.71E+08 18.92076 18.9

 571 118.45 7294.02 4860.3 33.44 786.528 1545.68 949 5553
3.07E+08 3.38E+08 19.54179 19.63939 357.41 18942.42 594.66 2135.172 3977.624 18403
3.49E+08 3.92E+08 19.67196 19.78563 83.43 9296.28 299.88 414.3 2102.792 3554
2.14E+08 1.92E+08 19.18305 19.0741 228.66 13963.8 4507.38 1597.776 2970.152 1

2995
6.19E+08 6.38E+08 20.24354 20.27417 330.63 39554.58 19197.42 21.62 2168.232 6599.72 3462 17016
3.19E+08 2.96E+08 35.2 19.

580 19.50631 140.08 12128.82 1571.82 38.76 1095.9 2598.744 5491
8.94E+07 18.27474 18.30842 19724.76 10520.28 1348.8 4381.28 11803
5.84E+08 8.60E+08 48.4 20.18609 20.57282 361.53 28653.84 479.4 2014.176 5956.984 13311
19.00667 19.04876 154.5 10306.08 3659.76 1015.788 1861.488 4816
4.45E+08 4.97E+08 19.91463 20.02374 12607.2 5643.66 896.076 33.7456 2987.944 1440 5358
4.00E+08 4.06E+08 19.80721 19.82267 430.54 18347.76 11667.78 1634.652 3976.512 1946 17647
7.77E+07 9.80E+07 49.9 50.1 18.16791 18.40094 673.62 31703.64 901.68 19.55 3140.076 7552.704 30364
2.59E+08 2.77E+08 19.37299 19.43956 348.14 30794.82 9649.2 2424.216 6278.352 1387 15930
7.00E+08 20.36589 19.54896 5702.82 15381.6 1098 1168.712 2781
3.53E+08 3.77E+08 515 19.68219 19.74743 24826.8 577.32 1567.56 6129.344 14351
2.13E+08 2.19E+08 19.17685 19.20404
1.17E+09 1.25E+09 20.88006 20.94458 48327.6 443.94 8009.076 9276.304 24337
2.27E+09 2.74E+09 21.5446 21.73159 816.79 33636.54 82089.6 421.31 7830 6377.32 13616 31168
19.48238 19.48058 255.44 22637.88 6353.58 1510.644 5

415 9128
3.81E+08 4.25E+08 19.7572 19.86796 349 18341.64 43884.48 2075.04 3143.624 565 19001
5.08E+08 5.64E+08 20.04589 20.15019 381.1 25953.9 490 45.78 2520.888 5799.08 852 17153
Florida 3.29E+08 3.37E+08 39.9 19.61214 19.63488 376.98 43137.84 2826.42 2151 97

67.8 15989
8631059 15.97088 16.13537 1423.92 533.46 303.876 443.688
9755799 9

524 16.09337 16.06938 15.45 3586.32 160.14 122.1 326.928
2.76E+07 17.13372 17.13183 2892.72 98.52 272.44
5.05E+08 3.89E+08 20.03913 19.77934 529.42 56141.82 18136.62 84.62 2239.62 8383.368 20552
1.26E+08 75.4 18.64958 18.71986 817.82 58851.96 30836.64 30.43 5617.716 10579.568 5671 37281
1.83E+08 1.95E+08 56.6 43.4 19.02359 19.0907 150.38 12842.82 5280.54 970.416 3138.064 1123 7611
1.38 18.69024 18.74031 56.65 4647.12 429.42 138.384 584.912
1.03E+09 1.07E+09 1018 53.7 46.3 20.74832 20.79425 882.71 68740.86 256.24 7508.76 10605.144 8764 42701
23.1 19.36791 19.30898 443.93 29166.9 19615.62 31.58 3265.404 6117.112 4259 25202
5.45E+08 5.61E+08 20.11539 20.14451 524.27 44290.44 11981.94 139.18 4060.116 6896.624 2010 19747
1.48E+08 18.81307 18.97749 1015.58 56370.3 53893.74 5300.4 1184 9853 56721
2.26E+08 19.14988 19.23762 40081.92 7911.12 1823.472 8951.6 1776 17263
4.03E+08 19.69418 19.81529 511.91 39471.96 12098.22 25.08 2592 8854.856 24989
56.5 19.86589 19.91453 127.72 12587.82 2286.84 2842.272 6054
4.62E+08 19.8071 19.95197 5

26.3 35515.38 5108.16 2852.904 7841.824 17276
8.09E+07 18.20867 18.44317 8397.66 1348.44 523.932 1962.68
3.67E+08 19.63772 19.72096 366.68 25463.28 7404.18 1690.848 5763.496 1332 12463
2.47E+08 19.325 19.35746 37468.68 8479.26 2364.6 7081.216 1641 21765
316 19.18167 19.2214 4586.94 1389.24 401.856 1173.16 3446
6.77E+08 7.77E+08 881 20.33312 20.47048 151.41 7232.82 3523.08 694.8 1907.08 866 6389
1.42E+08 82.8 18.77125 18.8657 31164.06 942.48 104.23 1689.936 7324.744 12208
1.85E+08 19.0341 457.32 17911.2 18980.16 7.25 2686.44 3392.712 15628
8.06E+07 7.45E+07 18.20469 18.1264 85.49 13693.5 1539.18 796.02 3377.144 6254
8.45E+07 6.77E+07 18.25268 18.03003 229.69 3489 1619.76 962.64 9097.272 12856
5.29E+08 20.08684 20.07157 536.63 35900.94 45447.12 288.38 4074.444 34.72 6991.144 28446
1.09E+09 1.16E+09 36.3 20.81211 20.87206 764.26 73402.26 58483.74 4206 12427.712 10500 25000
5.43E+08 7.09E+08 66.2 20.11316 20.37877 476.89 35978.46 351

62.4 40.29 3471.252 8276.616 29064
4.79E+08 19.89643 19.98629
Georgia 2.33E+08 43.7 56.3 19.23381 19.26503 29503.5 3910.68 1148.4 5261.984 10027
9.05E+07 8.80E+07 61.2 38.8 18.32054 18.29263 525.3 45941.82 15559.08 2790.036 9122.848 20759
1.46E+08 18.79696 18.84324 66.95 6512.7 2277.66 774.24 1779.2 5141
8.00E+07 18.20927 18.19732 30323.58 4019.82 1564.572 6559.688 12732
1.74E+08 49.6 18.97332 19.03739 239.99 23786.4 5094.9 1367.868 3778.576 11432
2.44E+08 19.24225 19.31074 104.03 8047.8 1486.14 717.6 2308.512 5127
7.37E+08 7.64E+08 20.41829 20.45347 660.23 30175.68 55626.72 423.02 5572.176 4882.792 8423 29513
2.54E+08 39.5 19.12689 19.35292 75.19 3675.06 665.04 367.488 765.056 1761
5.32E+07 17.85365 17.79043 568.56 62138.4 14033.16 0.99 4337.568 12464.408 2850 35075
5.15E+07 5.65E+07 17.75715 17.84906 9623.7 2295 874.56 2460.856
6.53E+07 72.9 17.99458 18.47525 5734.44 848.64 414.732 1514.544 3191
1.93E+08 283 19.24398 19.08017 35.02 2896.8 516.12 387.768 882.928 1978
6.35E+08 7.19E+08 20.2

692 20.39291 123.6 6177.12 1950.24 669.6 1665.776 3920
8.93E+07 9.24E+07 18.30695 18.34139 244.11 29955.36 5071.44 2087.736 5610.04 14320
1.45E+08 72.7 27.3 18.80857 18.79316 2120.58 1502.46 376.872 662.752 2043
1.00E+08 18.42381 18.52943 9194.28 1684.02 590.376 2105.016 4453
6.09E+07 6.79E+07 17.92393 18.03418 12.36 617.1 80.412 62.2
1.24E+07 1.27E+07 16.33321 16.35364 1735.02 103.02 130.92 230.184
9122908 76.2 23.8 16.0263 16.15205 1540.2 167.28 176.964 420.336
7.35E+08 7.89E+08 70.6 20.4152 20.48659 530.45 53499 18729.24 290.11 4031.892 9219.592 1932 24265
19.14678 19.3002 174.07 6652.44 1872.72 462.996 6058
7.03E+07 6.80E+07 18.06775 18.03518 232.78 22559.34 6229.14 1864.32 4181.12
4.40E+07 17.82523 17.59904 121.54 6360.72 1039.38 629.616 1464.504 4943
1.94E+07 1.79E+07 69.4 16.78326 16.69836 3477.18 156.06 145.548 151.232
5.97E+08 6.40E+08 20.20689 20.27672 265.74 16867.74 9439.08 1536.156 3720.752 1940 12232
1.91E+08 85.9 19.15107 19.06951 419.21 36866.88 14704.32 4094.976 7830.704 8422 25572
3.09E+07 2.84E+07 37.6 17.24688 17.1627 2612.22 753.78 312.588 711.68 1901
3.23E+07 3.15E+07 17.28989 17.26687 2261.34 368.22 391.2 554.888 1550
4.58E+08 4.90E+08 19.94316 20.01061 466.59 38667.18 15080.7 118.67 3422.268 9803.392 5870 28023
2.87E+08 73.7 19.47584 192.61 18629.28 8795.46 2115.6 4729.336 1697 11680
1.38E+08 1.68E+08 18.74278 18.9387 501.61 14366.7 13027.44 4696.188 2655.456 3037 27938
8.38E+08 8.99E+08 20.54678 20.61666 2582.64 1302.54 431.04 955.208 3270
3.04E+08 2.99E+08 19.5336 19.51691 386.25 31358.88 17368.56 15.53 3396.336 6427.36 2578 17095
7.60E+08 7.92E+08 20.449 20.49062 159.65 16819.8 3869.88 1193.088 3834.176 7951
6.00E+08 20.20729 20.21315 459.38 29322.96 15150.06 2212.632 5851.344 25099
2.60E+08 2.84E+08 19.37646 19.46445 163.77 11381.16 2116.5 1086 3109.152 8406
2.36E+08 19.27935 19.23435 19349.4 2628.54 1474.968 4741.568 15045
5.77E+07 5.61E+07 59.1 17.8716 17.84332 11526 2198.1 1550.4 2837.824 7134
Illinois 5.60E+07 5.43E+07

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1/13/22, 12:22 PM Exercise #1 – HMGT 400 6382 Research and Data Analysis in Healthcare (2222) – UMGC Learning Management System

https://learn.umgc.edu/d2l/lms/dropbox/user/folder_submit_files.d2l?db=1255162&grpid=0&isprv=0&bp=0&ou=710086 1/4

Exercise #1

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Instructions

HMGT 400 6382 Research and Data Analysis in Healthcare (2222)

Assignments Exercise #1

HMGT 400 Research and Data Analysis in Health Care – Exercise 1

Dataset: HMGT400HOSPITAL.csv (may be downloaded below.)

Required analysis program: Analysis ToolPak – for all analyses in this class (RStudio or R Programming
for BONUS point seekers only – 10 bonus points if used for analysis).

Author, Hossein Zare, PhD

Citation: Zare, H. (2017). HMGT 400 Research and Data Analysis in Health Care-Exercise.
UMGC.EDU

Exercise # 1

Instructions:

1. You may download the dataset from the link below. This dataset provides information about
hospitals in 2011 and 2012. Before you do that however consult the additional instructions that I
provided to you in 4 PDF email attachments. ([a]. Ex 1 – Additional Instructions [b] Ex 1 – Instructions
t-Test to compare means [c] Ex 1 – Example t-Test Output. [d] Ex 1 – Example Output – Graphs).

2. Analyze the data, using these instructions. Your objective is to use the results of your analysis to
create “summary statistics” (Count (N), Mean, and Standard Deviation) for each hospital characteristic
and each year (2011 and 2012) and complete Table 1 (template below). You should then create any
meaningful graphs (using Excel) to summarize your findings and to write a short paragraph summary
report describing your findings.

3. Your report may be in WORD format, with the tables you create in Excel copied and pasted in
WORD. Submit your report to the appropriate folder.

Table 1. Descriptive statistics between hospitals in 2011 & 2012

Hospital Characteristics

2011 2012

Difference
between
2011 &
2012

N Mean St. Dev N Mean St. Dev
t-Value
(Pr<|t|)

1. Number of Hospital beds

2. Number of paid
Employees

3. Number of non-paid
Employees

4. Total hospital costs

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1/13/22, 12:22 PM Exercise #1 – HMGT 400 6382 Research and Data Analysis in Healthcare (2222) – UMGC Learning Management System

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5. Total hospital revenues

6. Available Medicare days

7. Available Medicaid days

8. Total Hospital Discharges

9. Medicare discharge

10. Medicaid discharges

11. Hosp Cost Per
Discharge

Exercise 1 Findings: Based on your findings, in which years did the hospitals have better
performance? Please write a short paragraph and describe your findings. Make sure to attach
plot(s) or graph(s) of the information to your report.

Instructions:

Use Analysis ToolPak for all analyses (mandatory).

(for BONUS points: Use RStudio. The R script is available below for this exercise, but you need to
modify the script for this analysis).

Download data from here: HMGT400HOSPITAL

Download RStudio script from here:E1-Codes

Download RStudio script from here (If you were not able to load the DPLYR package use this
scrip):E1-Codes-No-Dplyr

Grading Rubrics for Exercises #1, #2, and #3

Criteria Outstanding
90-100%

Good 80-89% Satisfactory
70-79%

Substandard
60-69%

Failure 0-59%

15 points 13.35 points 11.85 points 10.35 points 5 points

Dataset,
statistical
package in
the analysis
(15 points)

Used class
dataset, and
statistical
package.
Codes can be
used to
repeat the
analysis.

Used class
dataset, and
statistical
package.
Codes cannot
be used to
repeat the
analysis.

Used class
dataset. Did
not use a
statistical
package but
performed
some analysis.

Did not use
class dataset.
Did not use a
statistical
package but
performed
some analysis.

Did not
complete the
tables or
partially
develop the
tables.
Reported
incorrectly on
N, Means, and
St. Dev.

30 points 26.7 points 23.7 points 20.7 points 0 points

Analysis
Tables (30
points)

Completed all
tables with
correct
numbers, N,
Mean, and SD

Completed
most tables
with correct
numbers, N,
Mean, and SD

Completed all
tables with
correct
numbers and
means. But

Partially
reported the
numbers, N,
Means, and
SD

Did not
complete the
tables. No
numbers, N,
Means, or SD

Submit Cancel

https://learn.umgc.edu/content/enforced/266713-027318-01-2182-OL1-6380/HMGT400HOSPITAL.csv

https://learn.umgc.edu/content/enforced/551224-027318-01-2212-OL3-7381/HMGT400-E1-Codes.R?_&d2lSessionVal=w3QZfgpPOZpiroM2mcXMvjCSI

https://learn.umgc.edu/content/enforced/551224-027318-01-2212-OL3-7381/HMGT400-E1-Codes-No-dyplry.R?_&d2lSessionVal=w3QZfgpPOZpiroM2mcXMvjCSI

1/13/22, 12:22 PM Exercise #1 – HMGT 400 6382 Research and Data Analysis in Healthcare (2222) – UMGC Learning Management System

https://learn.umgc.edu/d2l/lms/dropbox/user/folder_submit_files.d2l?db=1255162&grpid=0&isprv=0&bp=0&ou=710086 3/4

Due Date

Jan 18, 2022 11:59 PM

Hide Rubrics

Rubric Name: Exercise 1, 2, 3 start 2185

incorrect N
and SD

10 points 8.9 points 7.9 points 6.9 points 0 points

Analysis
Plots/Graphs
(10 points)

Completed all
plots with
correct
variables,
legends, and
titles

Completed all
plots with
correct
variables, and
titles.
Incorrect or
no legends.

Completed
most plots
with correct
titles.
Incorrect or
no legends.
Incorrect
variables.

Completed
some plots
but incorrect
variables,
titles, and
legends

Did not
develop any
plots/graphs

20 points 17.8 points 15.8 points 13.8 points 0 points

Analysis Tests
(20 points)

Calculated the
appropriate
means tests
(t-Test,
ANOVA)
correctly for
all requested
variables

Calculated the
appropriate
means tests
(t-Test,
ANOVA)
correctly for
most of the
requested
variables

Calculated the
appropriate
means tests
(t-Test,
ANOVA)
correctly for
some of the
requested
variables

Calculated the
wrong means
tests (t-Test,
ANOVA) for
some/all the
requested
variables

Did not
calculate the
appropriate
means tests
(t-Test,
ANOVA) for
the requested
variables

20 points 17.8 points 15.8 points 5 points 0 Points

Analysis
Description
(20 points)

Described
analysis with
a clear
message and
explained
how results
can address
all the
questions

Described
analysis with
a clear
message and
explained
how results
can address
most of the
questions

Described
analysis with
a clear
message and
explained
how results
can address a
few or some
of the
questions

Did not
describe
findings with
a clear
message but a
message is
present

Did not
describe
findings

5 points 4.45 points 3.95 points 3.45 points 1 point

Writing Style
(5 points)

Writing is
clear, concise,
with good
sentence
structure, and
a few spelling,
punctuation,
or
grammatical
errors.

Writing is
acceptable,
with good
sentence
structure, and
a few spelling,
punctuation,
or
grammatical
errors.

Writing is
acceptable,
but there are
more than 3
spelling,
punctuation,
or
grammatical
errors.

Writing has a
high number
of spelling,
punctuation,
or
grammatical
errors.

There are an
unacceptable
number of
spelling,
punctuation,
or
grammatical
errors.

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1/13/22, 12:22 PM Exercise #1 – HMGT 400 6382 Research and Data Analysis in Healthcare (2222) – UMGC Learning Management System

https://learn.umgc.edu/d2l/lms/dropbox/user/folder_submit_files.d2l?db=1255162&grpid=0&isprv=0&bp=0&ou=710086 4/4

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Exercise 1, 2, 3 start 2185

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