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Combatting the Homeless Crisis in San Diego

Toni Herrod

Purdue Global University

CM 220 College Composition II

The Problem?
Downtown San Diego streets are lined with tents and sleeping bags because there are not enough shelters to house the homeless.
The number of homeless continues to climb and San Diego has the 7th largest homeless population in the United States.
The cost of living is so high that

Combattingthe Homelessness Crisis in San Diego

Toni Herrod

Purdue Global University

CM 220

Professor Cooper

February 8, 2022

Could you fathom sleeping on the cold hard ground and not being able to take a warm shower when you wake up? San Diego is one of the most desired places to live because of its prefect weather and beautiful scenery, while in reality the streets of downtown, beaches and underneath bridges are lined with tents and homeless individuals sleeping on the streets. The homeless population continues to increase and in April of 2021 the San Diego-Union Tribune published an article concluding that the number of first time residents suffering homelessness had doubled from the year previously, most likely due to the COVID-19 pandemic, (Warth, 2021). To prevent the city of San Diego’s homeless population from continuing to climb, the local government and non-profit organizations should offer affordable and supportive housing to create an adequate living situation for them. The community will want to contribute or invest in the solution as it will positively impact the “street cosmetics,” bringing more income and most importantly aiding in minimizing the current crisis of homelessness. It has been proven over and over that when an entity invests in something, they receive it back ten-fold. It won’t be easy, and it won’t happen overnight, but it’s very possible with the right resources.

“It takes a society to combat homelessness, and a strong nation to fight poverty.” This quote by Wayne Chirisa puts it very elegantly, but homeless is not at all elegant, and is instead – quite saddening. These are people, and anyone could be in this same spot with a few shortcomings. You’ll find people treating homeless people like they are below them, treating them badly but mostly you’ll find people avoiding them. Something you could also find on any day, homeless people sharing and caring, helping each other and often times, helping the more fortunate. You see, they could teach us a good lesson on humanity because we are just humans, privileged, with no compassion. Because of this, our societies are lacking today and the homeless have minimal help or resources to improve their lives.

Once we start spiraling downward, we become overwhelmed. It really doesn’t matter where our spiral started. You could be on track to be as successful as you set out to be and one negative decision could dramatically change the rest of your life, the spiral will push you down and kick you while you’re there. David Casarez was doing well; a young software developer out of Mountain View, California who ended up living in his car for a year. David was college educated, employed and trying to start a business. But once he started spiraling, he couldn’t stop it. It was too late, and soon he was in his car, unemployed but still skilled and educated. This is just one example of the many. Many naysayers will say that the homeless are unskilled and uneducated, and therefore, why should we care about them? Maybe, because they’re still human.

Instead of treating the homeless like dogs, which people treat dogs better, we could take a second and try to understand their day to day lives. I’ve seen (several times) people recording the good they do for the homeless and then posting to social media. These people go viral and receive praise. These are things we should be doing as decent humans, without the recording of course. We as people always want the praise and therefore, we record it and ensure the world sees it. Entrepreneur Jonathan Monson was once homeless himself and was working full time while living out of his car in King County, Washington state. He says ‘the worst part’ was the cruelty he received from his neighbors; the looks, assumptions and whispers (Chastaine, 2019). Further in the interview, Jonathan recounts how he was trying to start his business in his own area, “I mean, if I’m being honest, (other cities) are a little stingy when it comes to homeless people and when it comes to helping others”.

We simply don’t recognize how in reach homelessness is for our own selves. There are many celebrities and influencers who have been homeless, even sometimes in between their successes. Some of these include Steve Harvey, Jim Carrey, Halle Berry, Sylvester Stallone, John Drew Barrymore, and Natasha Lyonne. Those opposing helping the homeless will say, “giving them meals, tents and/or toilets will make them comfortable.” As if anyone sleeping on a street, with at most a tent for privacy, who likely won’t eat could be comfortable. It’s often said that homeless people are just lazy and by giving them any assistance, you’re “enabling them.” California could do more; San Diego could do more and provide semi-permanent housing especially because it effects the youth. The youth is the future and we don’t want this vicious cycle to continue, a change must be made!

Thinking of the homeless, we often skip over the youth or totally don’t recognize the youth as a part of this group. Some of these minors are fending for themselves on the streets, living here and there, and trying to get their housing situated. “Thirty percent of youth had spent the previous night outdoors, on the street, or in a car or vacant building ((Bernstein, et all, 2008), close to ninety percent said they were trying to change their housing situation.” These kids have the same two problems: inability to finding affordable housing, inability to obtain a job that would have sufficient income (Voices from the Street, 2008).

California is a massive state hosting over 134,000 homeless, which is about 25% of the total homeless population in the US. San Diego’s population is about 1.4 million; the county’s homeless population almost doubled between 2019 and 2020, to over 4,000. The median household income for San Diego (per 2019 data) is $79,673, but it’s even impossible for families to make it at 200% of the poverty threshold, also called “economic hardship ($51,402 for a family of four).” 12.8% of the population is living in poverty, which means an individual is making less than $12,784. This must be said, $51,000 is not a living wage in any state for a family of four and the cost of living in California is significantly higher in comparison to the rest of the country (represented below).

COST OF LIVING

California

United States

Overall

149.9

100

Grocery

105.1

100

Health

92.4

100

Housing

239.1

100

Median Home Cost

$684,800

$291,700

Utilities

102.4

100

Transportation

133.1

100

Miscellaneous

103.7

100

100=National Average

San Diego is 325 square miles and is the 17th most populous metro in the country. The city has a $1.7 billion-dollar annual budget for FY22. The mayor, Todd Gloria, has put on the website to dedicate $92.2 million of the budget to the housing crisis due to the pandemic (Gloria, 2022). This is to compare to the $43.7 million they have dedicated to the homeless. Once again, it’s been proven that wise investing can provide choices and even generate income. If the mayor and other city officials, non-profits and small business owners would come together, they could dedicate time, resources and funds to eradicate this issue. The mayor has even come up with a plan for giving San Diegans “sexy” streets, a project called “Sexy Streets for All of Us.” This is for “all of us” because this is $10 million dedicated to historically underserved neighborhoods, while they have an additional $30 million to maintain the other streets around San Diego. It would prove useful to make the streets manicured, as this will show the people the mayor is here for you, too. How much more manicured could the streets of San Diego be, besides helping to remove the people sleeping there? Well, Mr. Gloria has had similar thoughts and has begun a new effort. Under the Homelessness Strategies Department, People Assisting the Homeless (PATH) program established in 2008 to provide services for Connections Housing. In the end, if the people of San Diego do not invest in the homeless population – it will cost them, over and over. Taxes on the people and the city will be covering police and emergency services, hospital services, and corrective procedures. The mayor has started to ensure some relief.

Reverend Faith Fowler in Detroit is a leader in forward thinking in this homeless issue; she operates an anti-poverty nonprofit, Cass Community Social Services. Detroit is another major US city like San Diego, with almost double the homeless population in about half of the total population. Cass Community Social Services has built tiny houses, furnished them and made housing available at small mortgage payments, which becomes owned by the tenants in a few short years. Detroit’s government is also pushing programs like the Housing Choice Vouchers and Moving Up Vouchers (2020 State of Homelessness, 2020). Detroit has a $1.1 billion-dollar budget for this fiscal year, in which $23.7 million is dedicated specifically to housing and revitalization, not to include the funds appropriated to Civil Rights, Inclusion, and Opportunity, or Planning and Development.

There many plans set in to place to combat the homelessness crisis in Southern California, there is still so much work to be done. We as a community and the local government need to come together to put the plan in motion. The above data creates a vivid picture of the epidemic we are facing as the number of homeless and people living in poverty continues to increase. San Diego has the resources; the city may just need to use another city’s outline.

References

(nd). Cost of living in California.

https://www.bestplaces.net/cost_of_living/state/california

Bernstein, N., Foster, L. K. (). Voices from the street: A survey of homeless youth by their peers.

https://www.issuelab.org/resources/11579/11579

Chastaine, D. (2019, December 6). A detailed journey – from homeless to business owner.

A detailed journey – From homeless to business owner

CPI San Diego. (2020, April 26). Poverty, income, and earnings in the city of San Diego, 2018.

https://cpisandiego.org/city-of-san-diego-poverty-income-earnings/#:~:text=In%202018%2C%20the%20poverty%20threshold,cost%20areas%20like%20San%20Diego

Duggan, M. E. (nd). City of Detroit Budget.

https://detroitmi.gov/sites/detroitmi.localhost/files/2021-07/FY22%20Adopted%20Budget

Gloria, T. (nd). Adopted Budget Fiscal Year 2022.

https://www.sandiego.gov/sites/default/files/fy22ab_v1cbo

Goldman, T. R. (2019, July 11). In Detroit, tiny homes are more than a lifestyle trend.

https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/07/11/housing-detroit-tiny-homes-trend-227274/

Holloway, R. (2020, August 4). Homelessness in America.

Marks, G. (2018, August 3). This entrepreneur risked it all and ended up homeless handing out resumes on a street corner.

https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/317813

Wong, L. (2021, September 30). Celebrities who fell into homelessness.

https://www.ranker.com/list/celebrities-who-fell-into-homelessness/polkadotking

KBPS Public Media. (2021, April 27). New Homeless Population Almost Doubles in 2020. broadcast, California. Retrieved from

https://www.kpbs.org/podcasts/san-diego-news-now/2021/04/27/new-homeless-population-almost-doubles-2020

Putting a stop to gun violence
Ileea Parker
Purdue University Global

The problem. . .
across the nation, there have been more than 33,000 crime scenes recorded and they all have similarities involving guns.” (Paul, S. 2017).
“increases in the neighborhood percentages of residents in poverty” were associated with a 27 percent higher rate of gun homicides. (noonan, D. 2019)

Each year 14,000 Americans die by firearm homicide.
Three out of four homicides are committed with a firearm.
Access to firearms — such as the presence of a gun in the home — doubles the risk for homicide victimization.
The firearm homicide rate in the United States is 25.2 times higher than other industrialized countries. (EFSGV, 2020)

The solution
we must put intervention strategies and coping techniques into place.
Help to prevent gun violence from ever happening/reoccurring.
Provide those who have experienced gun violence overcome their fears with counseling and rehabilitation programs. (Everytown. 2022)
Power-point (office 2021) [computer software]. Peoria, il: Microsoft

(CDC Wonder; Gani et al. (2017)
Intervention strategies are plans/methods that complete a specific goal in helping to prevent or manage difficult issues/problems.
For example, street outreach, gun control, safety procedures and more. Helping communities to get more knowledge on Mental Health.
Public Health’s Approach

(Frieden TR. (2010)
Define and Monitor the problem , See what issues are the cause of gun violence.
Identify risks, who is it affecting, providing communities with resources to come out of poverty.
help victims and their loved one’s cope with injuries and/or the loss of loved ones.
Require an age limit on gun purchases.
Give classes on proper gun storage.
Test prevention strategies, see how they work in communities and adjust them as needed.
neighborhood programs to those at risk of turning to use a gun as a solution.
Prevention Strategies

Gun violence: the real cost (Philip cook & jens ludwig, 2000)
Events involving a gun, starting with the story of columbine.
“since 1965 more than one million people have been shot and killed” (p. 15).
States that if were willing to come together and make the necessary adjustments and sacrifices, like paying a little higher taxes in order to provide metal detectors in public building entrances and schools (pg. 46)
Provides a chart to show how fatalities of guns compare among 3 categories; assault, by accidents, and by suicide. (pg.17)
It also dives deeper into how it affects people physically, and emotionally when gun violence is not addressed.
Gun Violence:
The Real Costs

Youth of color organization
For more on the “you can’t build peace with a piece statement”, see https://www.youth4justice.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/04-01-13YouthofColorResponsetoSchoolShootingsFinalStatement /
The site includes resources statements and statistics from the students themselves and how gun violence has changed their lives.
(Photo by: Dignity in Schools, 2013)

You can’t have peace with a piece
(youth of color, 2013)
“This is a movement to end the school-to-prison track” (pg. 1)
In 2012, homicides were caused by African Americans whose ages ranged from 10yrs-24years. With Latinos following closely behind them rating as the second leading causes of death by homicide using a gun with similar age ranges. (pg. 5)

What we know…
“For every 10-20 risk-based gun removal actions,
1 life was saved through averted suicide”
For more info from this source
Visit: https://www.apha.org/-/media/Files/PDF/topics/gun/Gun_Forum_Panel_1.ashx/
“Even one life is worth saving” – Parker, I

References
Cook,p (2000). Gun violence: the real cost. (oxford university press)
Frattaroli, S. and Jeffrey, S. (2020). Policies that work to reduce gun violence. https://www.apha.org/-/media/Files/PDF/topics/gun/Gun_Forum_Panel_1.ashx/
Johnson, C. (2013). School Gun Violence Solution from Kids. https://citylimits.org/2013/04/12/school-gun-violence-solutions-from-kids/
Noonan, D. (2019). Gun Homicide linked to poor social mobility. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/gun-homicide-linked-to-poor-social-mobility/
Paul, S. (2017). The connection between poverty, inequality, and firearm violence. Referenced from https://luskin.ucla.edu/connection-poverty-inequality-firearm-violence/
The educational fund to stop gun violence (efsgv). 2020. public health approach to gun violence prevention. https://efsgv.org/learn/learn-more-about-gun-violence/public-health-approach-to-gun-violence-prevention/
Youth of color organization. (2013). You can’t have peace with a piece. https://www.youth4justice.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/04-01-13YouthofColorResponsetoSchoolShootingsFinalStatement /

Novels, Cover Art, and Images
American public health association (Apha). (2020). Gun Violence. https://www.apha.org/topics-and-issues/gun-violence/
cook, p. (2000). Gun violence: the real costs cover art [Image]. Oxford university press. [image] https://eds-s-ebscohost-com.libauth.purdueglobal.edu/eds/ebookviewer/ebook/bmxlYmtfXzEyOTIyNl9fQU41?sid=20870cfe-e4b1-4472-a450-b95ecec258d3@redis&vid=1&format=EB&rid=1/
Power-point (office 2021) [computer software]. Peoria, il: Microsoft
Dignity in Schools. (2013). School gun violence solutions from kids. [image] https://www.youth4justice.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/04-01-13YouthofColorResponsetoSchoolShootingsFinalStatement /
Policies that work to reduce gun violence. (2020). [image] https://www.apha.org/-/media/Files/PDF/topics/gun/Gun_Forum_Panel_1.ashx/
Tucker, M. (2012). Lay the guns down foundation. [image]. https://www.facebook.com/ltgdf/about/?ref=page_internal
Youth of color organization. (2013). You can’t have peace with a piece. [image] https://www.youth4justice.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/04-01-13YouthofColorResponsetoSchoolShootingsFinalStatement /
-2 images were created be me (Ileea Parker)
Violence
Gun Violence reflection

Savannah Georgia and Surrounding Neighborhoods
Crime VS. Solution

Brittany Aponte
Composition II

What Is The Problem?

The crime rate in Savannah has risen within the past 5 years and is only getting worse
Out of theft, robbery, vandalism, shootings and assaults, theft has is the highest rated crime in Savannah
Urban neighborhoods in Savannah and surrounding areas are more impacted by crime because of the poverty rate and careless residents not wanting to make a change

What Is The Solution?
The Chatham County Police Department need to join with neighborhood watch teams and enforce neighborhood safety
Many people believe that in order to lower the crime rate in Savannah, we must focus on our future which are our youth.
Early childhood programs should be enforced in schools where speakers from different backgrounds can mentor the youth at an early age

Crime Grades: Green “A+” Yellow “C” Red “F”

A crime occurs every 50 minutes on average in Savannah (crimegrade.org)
The rate of crime in Savannah is 56.17 per 1000 residents in a standard year
The chances of becoming a victim of a violent crime (shooting or murder) in Savannah are 1 in 190
The chances of becoming a victim to a property crime or theft is 1 in 52 (in the entire state of Georgia its 1 in 50)

Benefits Of Mentoring For Young People

Mentoring is one constituent of a program that involves tutoring or life skills, preparation and coaching. The healthy, compassionate relationships formed between mentors and mentees are immediate and long-term and contribute to a host of benefits.
A study showed youth with mentors were less likely to begin using drugs or alcohol during the eighteen-month period of the study than their peers. 6.2% of youth with mentors initiated drug use compared to 11.4% of their peers without mentors, and 19.4% initiated alcohol use compared to 26.7% (Tierny et al., 1995).
Mentees in the BBBS program were 32% less likely to report getting violent toward someone over the past year than the young people without mentors (Tierny et al., 1995).
Better academic performance, better school performance, overall better attitude

Why education, not punishment, is the solution to reducing crime | John Lonergan |
TEDxDublin
– YouTube

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
CLICK LINK

References
How To Start A Neighborhood Watch | Savannah Area Real Estate :: Teresa Cowart Team
Charles C. Thomas (2011) eBook. Rengert, G. F., & Groff, E. (2011). Residential Burglary : How the Urban Environment and Our Lifestyles Play a Contributing Role: Vol. 3rd ed. Charles C Thomas. ISBN:9780398086787
Why education, not punishment, is the solution to reducing crime | John Lonergan | TEDxDublin. 2014. YouTube Why education, not punishment, is the solution to reducing crime | John Lonergan | TEDxDublin – YouTube
Jekielek, S., Moore K. A., & Hair, E. C. (2002). Mentoring programs and youth development: A synthesis. Washington, DC: Child Trends. Retrieved from http://www.mentorwalk.org/documents/mentoring-synthesis (PDF, 68 pages)

Putting a stop to gun violence
Ileea Parker
Purdue University Global

Healthier Meal Options
in Public Schools

Tristan A Ball

Purdue Global University

CM 220 – College Composition II

Unit 9: Assignment

Dr. Michael Cooper

*What can we do to provide healthier options in public schools at an affordable rate?
*Can we rely on the community to assist the public school systems?
*In schools, the meals that are being provided do not always meet children’s needs.

(Chandler A, 2020) “ The Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act changed nutrition standards for the National School Lunch Program by requiring that schools serve more fruits, whole grains, and fat-free and/or low-fat milk more frequently and less starchy vegetables or foods high in sodium and trans fat. “
Based on the responses, we categorized responding districts into three categories:
1- High levels of scratch cooking. Based on responses, we estimate that 75% or more of the school district’s food served is scratch-cooked.
2-Some scratch or speed scratch. Based on responses, we estimate that that more than 10% but less than 75% of the school district’s food is scratch-cooked and/or the majority of food is prepared through speed scratch methods.
3-Little-to-no scratch cooking. Based on responses, we estimate that 10% or less of the school district’s food served is scratch-cooked.

Food guides
Mudry, Jessica J. (2009) “New food guides were also faced with having to tell the public that while certain foods may taste good, they were not necessarily good for their health.”

raise awareness
Hester, M. (2020). “The investigators concluded that Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 was linked to improved dietary quality for children who were part of National School Lunch Program. “

Conclusion
Hester, M. (2020). “The investigators concluded that Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 was linked to improved dietary quality for children who were part of National School Lunch Program. “
Our youth will be able to have less medical issues, attention span, and more clarity. Eating is important but how and what is consumed makes the difference.
It’s effective and helps the Staff to be able to provide education to our youth so they can soak up the material being given.

So let’s be a part of the help they need to reinforce and reengage healthier meal options in public schools for our youth.

References
Chandler, A. (2020 July) Obama-era school nutrition policy led to better diets for students but faces changes.
Hester, M. (2020). Did the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 Improve Nutrition? Contemporary Pediatrics, 37(9), 33.
Hoeidal, M. (2016) Challenges Associated with Improving The Nutritional Quality of Foods Available In Schools: The Case of San Francisco Unified School District. https://repository.usfca.edu
Mudry, Jessica J. (2009). Measured Meals: Nutrition in America. SUNY Press. https://eds-s-ebscohost-com.libauth.purdueglobal.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=1&sid=cb7a9ca2-960c-4fda-a316-479f259efe3e%40redis&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3d#AN=280287&db=nlebk
https://library.purdueglobal.edu/library
National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on National Statistics, Panel on Estimating Children Eligible for School Nutrition Programs Using the American Community Survey, Nancy J. Kirkendall, & Allen L. Schirm. (2010). Developing and Evaluating Methods for Using American Community Survey Data to Support the School Meals Programs: Interim report. National Academic Press
Reiley, L. (2021, September 29). School meal programs are running out of food and workers. USDA announces new funding to help. The Washington Post.
Vincent, J. M., Gunderson, A, Friedman, D., Brown, A. M., Wilson S., Gomez, V., & University of California, B. C. for C. and S. (2020). Are California Public Schools Scratch-Cooking Ready? A survey of Food Service Directors on the State of School Kitchen. In Center for Cities & Schools. Center for Cities & Schools.

Novels, Cover Art, and Images
Hickman, K. (2019 DECEMBER 5) 13 Best Healthy Meals for Your Kids, https://www.eatthis.com/best-healthy-meals-kids/
Posted by Hans Billger, Public Affairs Specialist, Food and Nutrition Service in Food and Nutrition (2017, Feb 21) , Make a Cafeteria Date to Eat a Healthy Lunch with Your Child at School, https://www.usda.gov/media/blog/2016/10/13/make-cafeteria-date-eat-healthy-lunch-your-child-school
https://tenor.com/search/hooray-gifs

http://clipart-library.com/thinking-images.html

How to Calculate Percentage of Column in MySQL

https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/recipes/collection/healthy-dinner-kids-recipes
Radke, A ( 2017 May 01,) Trump axes Michelle Obama’s school lunch program https://www.beefmagazine.com/nutrition/trump-axes-michelle-obama-s-school-lunch-program
https://www.google.com/search?q=healthier+meals+in+public+schools+images&tbm=isch&chips=q:healthier+meals+in+public+schools+images,online_chips:school+nutrition:0yY3hQCGUGk%3D,online_chips:michelle+obama:1jQgTeSpbM%3D&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjxk7Xi8__1AhWKNc0KHT69CDwQ4lYoAHoECAEQHg&biw=1349&bih=641#imgrc=RrAZM1PSs8u-mM&imgdii=JeU4iLAm8RJdWM
https://nypost.com/2014/11/23/kids-thank-michelle-obama-for-mystery-mush-school-lunches/

Guns, Children, Government, and Parental Responsibility: Examining Accidental Shootings by Children to Reduce Preventable Deaths.

Steven R Kellogg

Purdue University Global

College Composition II: CM220-

Dr. Michael Cooper

January 15, 2022

Path to Keeping Guns out of reach of Children
Strengthening Current Laws
More Training
Parental Activism
2

Strengthening Current Child Access Prevention Laws
There are no federal Mandate for Child Access Prevention Laws.
Penalties for violation of CAP laws range from Misdemeanor to Felony Negligence which is decided by the State.
According to Azad(2020) CAP Laws that carried Felony Negligence penalties reduced deaths by 29% while CAP Laws of Misdemeanor penalties showed an increase in mortality.
Jurisdiction of Current CAP Laws
Penalties of Current Cap Laws
Effectiveness of Current CAP Laws
3

More Training
After successful classroom training all children failed to apply knowledge to real life. (Pediatrics for Parents., 2004)
Behavior Modification that included Incentivized In Situ Training was most the effecting method of teaching children correct behavior when encountering an unattended firearm.
The American Academy of Pediatrics (2017) had significant results when using non-judgmental motivational techniques to explain safe firearm storage and provide free locks.
Failure to reinforce training while at home will result in children unlearning the correct behaviors when encountering an unattended firearm.
Standard Training is Ineffectual
Behavioral Modification Techniques
Physician Interventions
The Dangers of Hands-off Parenting
4

Parental Activism
Firearms should be stored in a locked container or with a locking mechanism. Ammunition should be stored in a different locked location.
Stop, Don’t Touch, Run Away, and Tell a Grown-up (National Rifle Association of America, 2022).
Play games to reinforce proper behavior and use online resources like The Eddie Eagle Gunsafe Program (2022) to reinforce learning.
Learn how to safely store your firearms
Understand the proper unattended firearm interaction behaviors
Do fun activities and Games to reinforce proper behaviors when encountering an unattended firearm
5

Conclusion
Keeping out children safe requires everyone working together. By strengthening current laws to prevent children from encountering unattended firearms, training children using the proper techniques, and parents proactively reinforcing proper behavior with fun activities we can reduce the number of child deaths due to unattended firearms.
6

Keeping Children Safe
Activism Education Legistlation 33 33 33

References
7
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2017). Firearm-Related Injuries and Preventions. American Academy of Pediatrics. https://libauth.purdueglobal.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=1840889&site=eds-live
Azad, Hooman Alexander, Monuteaux, Michael C, Rees, Chris A, Siegel, Michael, Mannix, Rebekah, Lee, Lois K, Sheehan, Karen M, & Fleegler, Eric W. (2020). Child Access Prevention Firearm Laws and Firearm Fatalities Among Children Aged 0 to 14 Years, 1991-2016. JAMA pediatrics, 174(5), 463–469. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.6227
Laura A. Hanratty, Raymond G. Miltenberger, & Samantha R. Florentino. (2016). Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Teaching Package Utilizing Behavioral Skills Training and In Situ Training to Teach Gun Safety Skills in a Preschool Classroom. Journal of Behavioral Education, 25(3), 310–323. https://libauth.purdueglobal.edu/login?url=https://search-ebscohost-com.libauth.purdueglobal.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.24758071&site=eds-live
National Rifle Association of America. (2022). EDDIE EAGLE GUNSAFE® PROGRAM. NRAExplore EDDIE EAGLE GUNSAFE® PROGRAM. https://eddieeagle.nra.org
Pediatrics for Parents. (2004). Teaching Gun Safety. Pediatrics for Parents, 21(4), 7. https://libauth.purdueglobal.edu/login?url=https://search-ebscohost-com.libauth.purdueglobal.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f5h&AN=14886686&site=eds-live
Ranney, Megan L, Zeoli, April M, & Beidas, Rinad. (2020). Evidence-Based Solutions to Pediatric Firearm Deaths-The Need for Out-of-the-Box Answers. JAMA pediatrics, 174(5), 411–412. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.6239

CM220, Assignment Unit: 9
CLA: 5 Develop strategies for effective problem solving using digital media.
GEL: n/a
Point total: 100
Criteria 1 (50%) Level III

Max Points: 50
Level II

Max Points: 42.5
Level I

Max Points: 35

Not Present

Presentation Content
and Research

Meets all criteria:

● Includes a persuasive

argument for change in
the student’s community
or workplace

● Targets and motivates a

specific audience to take
action or change how
they think about the topic

● Shows original thought
● Includes research from at

least four credible
sources that support
main idea

● Meets specified length
requirement

The following is true:

● Includes a persuasive

argument for change in
the student’s community
or workplace

And meets three criteria:

● Targets and motivates a

specific audience to take
action or change how
they think about the topic
● Shows original thought
● Includes research from at

least three credible
sources that support
main idea

● Meets specified length
requirement

The following is true:

● Includes a persuasive
argument for change in
the student’s community
or workplace

And meets two criteria:

● Targets and motivates a

specific audience to take
action or change how
they think about the topic
● Shows original thought
● Includes research from at

least two credible
sources that support
main idea

● Meets specified length
requirement

Does not meet any criteria.

If plagiarized, the grade for
the assignment is a 0.

Criteria 2 (40%) Level III
Max Points: 40

Level II
Max Points: 34

Level I
Max Points: 28

Not Present

Presentation Design

Meets all criteria:
● Uses slide design, video,

or another approved
format

● Follows “good design”
rules in “Creating
Effective PowerPoint
Presentations”

● Includes at least two
information-oriented
visuals

● Uses images that are
relevant to the topic and
appropriate for the
audience and context

● Uses concise text that is
appropriate for digital
media expectations

The following is true:

● Uses slide design, video,

or another approved
format

And meets three criteria:

● Follows “good design”

rules in “Creating
Effective Power Point
Presentations”

● Includes at least two
information-oriented
visuals

● Uses images that are
relevant to the topic and
appropriate to the
audience and context

● Uses concise text that is
appropriate for digital
media expectations

The following is true:

● Uses slide design, video,
or another approved
format

And meets two criteria:

● Follows “good design”
rules in “Creating
Effective Power Point
Presentations”
● Includes at least two
information-oriented
visuals

● Uses images that are
relevant to the topic and
relevant to the audience
and context

● Uses concise text that is
appropriate for digital
media expectations

Does not meet any criteria.

Criteria 3 (5%) Level III
Max Points: 5

Level II
Max Points: 4.25

Level I
Max Points: 3.5

Not Present

APA Style

Meets all criteria
● Applies APA style to in-

text citations and
references with minor to
no errors

● Includes title slide
● Includes references slide

● Credits images as

appropriate

Meets three criteria
● Applies APA style to in-

text citations with minor
errors

● Applies APA style to
references, with minor
errors

● Includes title slide
● Includes references slide

Meets two criteria
● Applies APA style to in-

text citations with minor
errors
● Applies APA style to
references, with minor
errors
● Includes title slide
● Includes references slide
Does not meet any criteria.

● Credits images as
appropriate

Criteria 4 (5%) Level III
Max Points: 5

Level II
Max Points: 4.25
Level I
Max Points: 3.5
Not Present

Writing Conventions Meets all criteria
● Writing is focused,

concise and organized
● Articulates at a college

level with sentence
variety and complexity

● Few or no grammar or
punctuation errors

● Uses non-offensive,
inclusive and respectful
language

Meets three criteria
● Writing is focused,

concise and organized
● Articulates at a college
level with sentence
variety and complexity
● Few or no grammar or
punctuation errors
● Uses non-offensive,
inclusive and respectful
language

Meets one-two criteria
● Writing is focused,

concise and organized
● Articulates at a college
level with sentence
variety and complexity
● Few or no grammar or
punctuation errors
● Uses non-offensive,
inclusive and respectful
language
Does not meet any criteria.

Maximum Total Points (100%) 100 (85%) 85 (70%) 70 0

Minimum Total Points 86 points minimum 71 points minimum 1 point minimum 0

NOTES:

1. Add or delete as many criteria rows as you deem necessary to assess the assignment.
2. Verbiage and percent point allocation for APA Style & Writing Conventions are suggested for consistency across SoGE but not mandatory.

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