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Identifying Implied Metaphors
Directed Learning Activity—Fiction, Poetry, Drama 10
Essential Questions
What is an implied metaphor How is it different from an explicit metaphor? How do I identify each in a poem?
Purpose
Upon completion of this activity, students will understand what an implied metaphor is and will be able to identify implied metaphors in a poem.
This DLA should take approximately 30 to 45 minutes to complete.
Instruction
A metaphor is a figure of speech that compares two unlike things; a metaphor states that one thing is another thing.
Example: His eyes are sapphires͘ (Note that the writer does not say his eyes are “like” sapphires or that they are “as blue as” sapphires͘ She states that his eyes are sapphires͘
A metaphor compares two unlike things without using a word of comparison such as “like,” “as,” or “resembles͘” Similes use these comparative words͘
Explicit metaphors are metaphorical comparisons in which the literal term and the figurative term are both named without using “like” as” or “resembles.”
Example: His eyes were rapidly dulling sapphires beneath their lids.
Implied metaphors, on the other hand, are metaphorical comparisons implied within a description. They can take one of three forms: the literal term is named and the figurative term implied; the literal term is implied and the figurative term is named; or, both the literal and figurative terms are implied.
Example: His heavy eyelids drooped sleepily over the rapidly dulling sapphires beneath them.
Notice below how skillfully poet Robert Frost develops an extended metaphor, comparing a woman with a rather unusual object of comparison—a silken tent. Note that the explicit metaphor is the comparison of the woman to the silken tent. The other comparisons are extensions of that metaphor and are implied rather than explicitly stated.
Exercise
Underline each of seven implied metaphors in Robert Frost’s “The Silken Tent͘” The first one is done for you. Note that the explicit metaphor is the comparison of the woman to the tent. The other comparisons are extensions of that metaphor and are implied rather than explicitly stated.
“The Silken Tent” by Robert Frost
She is as in a field a silken tent
At midday when the sunny summer breeze Has dried the dew and all its ropes relent, So that in guys it gently sways at ease, And its supporting central cedar pole, That is its pinnacle to heavenward And signifies the sureness of the soul, Seems to owe naught to any single cord, But strictly held by none, is loosely bound By countless silken ties of love and thought To every thing on earth the compass round, And only by one’s going slightly taut In the capriciousness of summer air Is of the slightest bondage made aware
Review your answers with an instructor or tutor in the Virtual Writing & Reading Center. Be sure you can answer the essential question above.
Simile, Metaphor, Personification, and
Stanza
Directed Learning Activity—Fiction, Poetry, and Drama 08
Essential Question
What do the terms listed above all mean and how do I identify them in a poem?
Purpose
Upon completion of this activity, students will be able to identify
simile,
metaphor, personification, and stanzas in a poem.
This DLA should take approximately 45 minutes to 1 hour to complete.
Direction
At Merriam-Webster.com, read the definitions for “simile,”
“metaphor,
” “personification,” and “stanza.”
Exercise
Next, read the following poem:
“Symphony in Yellow” Oscar Wilde
An omnibus across the bridge
Crawls like a yellow butterfly
And, here and there, a passer-by Shows like a little restless midge.
Big barges full of yellow hay
Are moored against the shadowy wharf, And, like a yellow silken scarf,
The thick fog hangs along the quay.
The yellow leaves begin to fade
And flutter down the Temple elms,
And at my feet the pale green Thames Lies like a rod of rippled jade. Answer the following questions:
1) What are the four similes in the poem?
2) Explain how the title is a metaphor.
3) Where does the author use personification?
4) Mark out the rhyming pattern in each stanza.
5) Why does the author use these literary devices in his poem. How do they add to the overall meaning of his poem?
Review your answers with an instructor or tutor in the Virtual Writing & Reading Center. Be sure you can answer the essential question above.
Literary Terms, Various
Directed Learning Activity—Fiction, Poetry, and Drama 09
Essential Question
What do the terms listed below all mean and how do I identify them in a poem?
Purpose
Upon completion of this activity, students will be able to define and provide an example of
alliteration,
metaphor,
simile,
personification,
and
onomatopoeia.
This DLA should take approximately 30 to 45 minutes to complete.
Direction
At Merriam-Webster.com, read the definitions for “alliteration,” “metaphor,” “simile,” “personification,” and “onomatopoeia.”
Exercise
Next, write a short poem or series of lines on a single subject that demonstrates each of the literary terms above. Label each one with its name.
Review your answers with an instructor or tutor in the Virtual Writing & Reading Center. Be sure you can answer the essential question above.
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