Please answer each of the questions in four to five sentences:
- What is ethical relativism, and how does it differ from ethical egoism?
- What is the greatest happiness principle, and how does it establish utilitarianism as an ethical theory?
- For Immanuel Kant, what gives an action moral worth? How does this relate to his distinction between pathological and practical love?
- How does Philippa Foot define moral virtue, and why does she think that wisdom is a moral virtue rather than just an intellectual virtue?
- What is care ethics, and why does Virginia Held think that an ethics of care must be in place before there can be justice in a society?
- What is the concept of natural law, and how does it establish human rights?
- According to Appiah, what is the difference between racialism, extrinsic racism, and intrinsic racism? Why does he think both forms of racism are in the end irrational?
- According to Gardiner, why is climate change a “perfect moral storm”? What are the three different “storms” contributing to the problem?
- How does Sztybel argue for conceptualizing animals as persons? Why does he think it is important that we think of animals as persons?
- What does Lango mean when he says he wants to generalize and temporalize the principles of Just War Theory? How does the principle of just cause change given his treatment?