Use the Powerpoints to obtain the answers to the questions. There is one PPT for each section of the assignment. In a few cases, you may need to do an Internet search for the answer.
Name of student ____________________________
BIOL 10
Plant Lab
COA
Spr 2020
online
1.
TYPES OF PLANTS
A. Referring to your Powerpoint file entitled “Plant Lab – Intro”, answer the following questions:
Q1. The four principal types of plants are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
B. Review the difference between Monocotyledon and Dicotyledon Plants (refer to Plant Lab – Intro)
Q1. Of the four categories above, into which category do the monocot and dicot plants fall?
Q2. List five (5) features of MONOCOTS.
Q3. List five (5) features of DICOTS.
2. SEEDS (refer to the Powerpoint entitled “Plant Lab – Seeds”)
A.
Review the difference between Monocotyledon and Dicotyledon Seeds
Q1. What is a cotyledon? (Internet search)
Q2. Is a bean seed a monocotyledon or a dicotyledon seed? (Circle the correct answer.)
Q3. Is a corn seed (kernel) a monocotyledon or a dicotyledon seed? (Circle the correct answer.)
B. More questions related to seeds….
Q1. Why do you think the plant expends energy to create such items as fruits and nuts?
Q2. What is one difference between Gymnosperm seeds and Angiosperm seeds?
3. ROOTS (refer to the Powerpoint entitled “Plant Lab – Roots”)
A. General questions:
Q1. What is the purpose of roots? (Internet search)
B. View demo of Tap root vs Fibrous root (see “Plant Lab – Roots” PPT)
Q1. Describe the difference between a tap root and a fibrous root?
Q2. What may be some benefits for a tap root?
C. Viewing the images included in the PPT “Plant Lab – Roots”, answer the following question:
Q1. What is a vascular cylinder or a stele? (Internet search)
Q2. Where in the root does the vascular cylinder appear in a monocot plant? Look at the slide with the cross-section of a monocot root and describe the location of the vascular cylinder.
Q3. Where in the root does the vascular cylinder (stele) appear in the dicot plant? Describe the location.
4. STEMS (refer to the PPT entitled “Plant Lab – Stems”)
A. Review the Powerpoint entitled “Plant Lab – Stems” and answer the following questions:
Q1. What is the function of stems?
Q2: The transport system in vascular plants happens in vascular tissue, which exists in two forms – xylem and phloem.
1. What is the purpose of the xylem?
2. What is the purpose of the phloem?
Q3: What is a vascular bundle?
B. Review how “Plants grow in two ways…” PPT slides
Q1. What is the purpose of the apical meristem?
Q2. What is the purpose of the lateral meristem?
5. LEAVES (refer to the PPT entitled “Plant Lab – Leaves”)
A. Observe the leaf poster and leaf model
Q1. What is the purpose of a leaf?
Q2. Hypothesize (make a statement) as to why leaves are shaped the way they are.
Leaves are shaped the way they are……
Q3. What is a chloroplast and why is it important to the plant?
Q4. What is a stoma (plural = stomata) and why is it important to the plant?
6. FLOWERS (refer to the PPT entitled “Plant Lab – Flowers”)
A. Observe the flower model (or, in this case, images included in the PPT on Flowers)
Q1. Which is the female part of the flower? Name the parts.
Q2. Which is the male part of the flower? Name the parts.
B. Compare two flowers, one simple and one compound in structure (refer to the PPT on Flowers)
Q1. What is the difference between Simple Flowers and Compound Flowers? Specifically, how many reproductive systems do Simple Flowers have? And how many reproductive systems do Compound Flowers have?
Plant Lab – Leaves
BIOL 10
College of Alameda
Instructor:Wedaman
Leaves
Maple leaf, chloroplasts (cross-section)
This is what it would look like when viewed in the compound microscope. The chloroplasts will appear as stained red.
Remember that the majority of photosynthesis takes place in the mesophyll cells. The very outer layer both top and bottom are epidermal cells. The center cells are various types of mesophyll cells (and this is where most of the chloroplasts are.)
Nerium (Oleander) leaf with stomata
This is a cross-section of a leaf, so the stoma (“mouth” opening) is appearing on the bottom
Leaf stomata – from the lab exercise we did with the leaf, nail polish, tape, and microscope slide…..
Stomata = little mouths
on the surface of the
underside of the leaf
Plant Lab – Seeds
BIOL 10
College of Alameda
Instructor:Wedaman
Seeds; Fruits
Seeds that have dicotyledons…….
BEANS
Seeds that have monocotyledons…
CORN
Poster available in lab
in Room 134
COA Science Annex
(so we are using it virtually!)
Poster available in lab
in Room 134
COA Science Annex
(so we are using it virtually!)
Gymnosperm seeds vs. Angiosperm seeds
Plant Lab – Roots
BIOL 10
College of Alameda
Instructor:Wedaman
Microscopic
cross-sections
of roots….
Monocot = Corn
Dicot = Buttercup
Vascular
cylinder
Vascular
cylinder
Dicot root vs monocot root
Roots – dicot (left) vs monocot (right)
http://www2.mcdaniel.edu/Biology/botf99/imagesfor%20questions/stemrtimagesf/dicotroot
http://www2.mcdaniel.edu/Biology/botf99/imagesfor%20questions/stemrtimagesf/cornroot
Plant Lab – Flowers
BIOL 10
College of Alameda
Instructor:Wedaman
Flowers
Model of the Parts of the Flower
MALE PARTS
The whole male structure is called the stamen
The two parts to the stamen
are the:
ANTHER (A)
FILAMENT (F)
FEMALE PARTS
The whole female structure is
called the carpel
The three parts to the carpel
are the:
STIGMA
STYLE
OVARY
(see next slide for specific ID
of the parts of the flower)
stamen
anther
filament
petals
sepals
bud
flower
pedicel
receptacle
ovary
style
stigma
carpel
Parts of the Flower
4
Simple Flower
Compound Flower
Simple
Flower
Compound
flower
Plant Lab – Intro
BIOL 10
College of Alameda
Instructor:Wedaman
Types of plants
Bryophytes (Moss)
Seedless, vascular plants
Fern (L); Fern – sporophyte (R)
Gymnosperms (means naked seeds): conifers, cycads, Ginkgo, gnetophytes
http://media.buzzle.com/media/images-en/gallery/botany/trees/450-87814855-pine-trees
The Angiosperms are the flowering plants :
Angiosperms are divided into monocots and dicots
https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-byzrBEmxPFI/TX2fiK5YZZI/AAAAAAAABtw/xktxXeSQJzY/s1600/Monocot-Dicot-1
Plant Lab – Stems
BIOL 10
College of Alameda
Instructor:Wedaman
Stems
The transport system in vascular plants
The transport system in vascular plants happens in vascular tissue, which exists in two forms – xylem and phloem.
Both of these tissues are presented in a vascular bundle, which, in addition, will provide supporting and protective tissues.
Typical monocot stem – cross-section
https://www.sciencetopia.net/sites/default/files/ys%20of%20monocot
http://c8.alamy.com/comp/EAJXHJ/corn-stem-cross-section-with-typical-monocot-arrangement-of-vascular-EAJXHJ
Typical dicot stem – cross-section
http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/cm1504/15lab404/1115dicot-xs
http://media.gettyimages.com/photos/at-35mm-picture-id139802698?s=612×612
Plants grow in two ways…
Primary growth results in the formation and lengthening of shoots and roots.
Apical meristems produce primary growth, giving rise to the primary plant body. All seed plants have a primary plant body.
(Roots also have an apical meristem)
Plants grow in two ways….
Secondary growth increases plant thickness.
Lateral meristems produce secondary growth, resulting in the secondary plant body. Secondary growth occurs in woody dicots, such as trees and shrubs. Monocots typically do not undergo secondary growth.
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