Physiology
full answer and clear, no limit for words
i need it in 7 hours
In-Course-Assessment (ICA2), Introduction to Human Physiology Course
(MEDI2107)
1. A 23-years-old female with blood group O negative and her husband’s blood group is
B positive. After birth, the baby developed jaundice and anemia
A. Explain why this baby who is Rh positive had jaundice and anemia?
B. What is the fate of aged RBCs?
2. A 36-year-old woman presents to her general practitioner (GP) complaining of spontaneous
bruising mainly on her legs. The bruising has been noticeable over the last 4–6 weeks. She
cannot remember any episodes of trauma. Her platelet count is 40*10
9
/L
(normal platelet
count 150-400 *10
9
/L).
A. What is the possible cause of her spontaneous bruising without trauma?
B. What are the factors that prevent the intravascular clotting?
3. A 53-years-old female complained from progressive muscle weakness that usually becomes
prominent at night. She could not complete her meals or holding her head up. She was
diagnosed with myasthenia gravis.
A. Describe the pathophysiology of myasthenia gravis?
B. Explain why the fatigue becomes more prominent at night?
C. A drug like neostigmine is used to treat myasthenia gravis. Explain how neostigmine
improves the symptoms of myasthenia gravis. Can it treat the disease?
D. Describe main differences in the way skeletal and smooth muscle contract?
4. A doctor taps the tendon beneath your knee cap and your leg extends.
A. What is the name of the reflex that caused the leg to extend?
B. What are the neural basis and the components of this reflex ?
C. Give two possible reasons of why the leg may not extend after tapping the tendon under
the knee cap?
5. 42-year-old man sees his ophthalmologist because it is becoming increasingly
difficult for him to read the newspaper.
A. What is the role of the lens in accommodation?
B. Explain what caused his vision problem?
6. A man and his son returned home after playing outside for an hour under strong
sunlight. The boy complained to his father that their room is unusually dark.
Explain the boy’s observation using your knowledge of how photoreceptors work.
7. A patient had a stroke on the right side of the brain and lost thermal sensation on
the left side. Explain why the lost thermal sensation was on left side?
8. In the brain, the cortical somatotopy is presented by a homunculus.
Describe briefly what is homunculus and why some areas are over represented (finger)
than other areas (the back)?
9. Aphasia is an acquired disturbance that impairs some aspects of the speech.
A. Describe the two common types of aphasia in terms of the area affected and the
features of each.
B. What questions would you ask a patient with aphasia to help you identify the type of
aphasia he/she suffering from?
10. Discuss the cooperation between components of the innate and adaptive immune
system during an infection giving examples. Explain why this cooperation is
important.
END OF QUESTIONS
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