Introduction Paragraph
Step 1: Introduction Paragraph
For this assignment, you will draft the introduction for your final paper. First,
review the following resources on creating an effective introduction: Excelsior
OWL–Introduction paragraphs
(Links to an external site.)
and UNC Chapel Hill-Introductions.
(Links to an external site.)
Your introduction paragraph should be approximately 150-200 words. It should:
1 Grab the reader’s attention with an opening “hook” – this may be an
interesting example, a quotation, an anecdote, or a question related to
your topic
2 Include your thesis statement as the last sentence of the introduction
and underline it to make it clear to your reader. It’s expected that your
thesis statement has changed and improved since you last submitted it in
Milestone 3 based on your instructor’s feedback.
3 Since you are drafting content that will become part of your final project,
which is a formal academic writing assignment, you should avoid informal
language (i.e. slang) and first-person pronouns (i.e. “I”, “me”, “my”)
Step 2: Outline
Once you have drafted your introduction paragraph, below it in the same
document you will compose an outline of the body paragraphs and conclusion of
your paper. First, review the following resource on outlines: Excelsior OWL–
Traditional Outlining
(Links to an external site.)
.
Your outline should include at least 3 body paragraphs supporting your thesis
statement, 1 body paragraph to refute opposing perspectives, and a conclusion
that reiterates your thesis statement. Each body paragraph should
include 1-2 supporting details with the source or sources you plan to use as
evidence for that detail. This way you will determine if you have enough evidence
for your points, which will make it much easier to draft your full paper in the
coming weeks or find additional sources if necessary.
Follow the format in the Milestone 5 Template
Download Milestone 5 Template
to make sure your outline includes the necessary components.
Step 3: Reference List
https://excelsior.instructure.com/courses/27136/files/14048900/download?wrap=1
Since you are including source information in your outline, you need to include a
list of references at the end for all of your sources. This should be formatted in
APA style, just as you did last week for Milestone 4. If your instructor offered
corrections and feedback on your Milestone 4 references, make sure to make
those changes before submitting Milestone 5.
Resources:
• Milestone 5 Template Download Milestone 5 Template
(Word document)
• Library Cornerstone Research Guide
• Excelsior OWL – Introduction paragraphs (Links to an external site.)
• Excelsior OWL – Traditional Outlining (Links to an external site.)
• Library Homepage (Links to an external site.)
(Excelsior Library)
• UNC Chapel Hill – Introductions (Links to an external site.)
https://excelsior.instructure.com/courses/27136/files/14048900/download?wrap=1
https://libguides.excelsior.edu/friendly.php?s=IND101-IND301
https://my.excelsior.edu/group/library/home
Shaketa Robinson
IND101 Milestone 4 Template
1. Paraphrasing activity:
Quote from source: “As most people in the world are now acutely aware, an outbreak of
COVID-19 was detected in mainland China in December of 2019. As of this writing, every
continent in the world has been affected by this highly contagious disease, with nearly a million
cases diagnosed in over 200 countries worldwide. The cause of this outbreak is a new virus,
known as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). On February 12,
2020, WHO officially named the disease caused by the novel coronavirus as Coronavirus
Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that can cause mild to
moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses such as the common cold. COVID-19 likely originated
in a “wet market” in Wuhan, China. A wet market refers to a marketplace with vendors selling
live animals such as cats, dogs, rabbits, fish, and bats. When an infected person coughs or
sneezes, the new coronavirus may be transmitted through expelled droplets. These droplets can
enter a person’s system through “contact routes,” such as the mouth, eyes, or nose.”
Paraphrase: COVID-19 epidemic was discovered in Wuhan China in December 2019. The
extremely infectious sickness has infected every region on the planet, with roughly a million
incidents reported in more than 200 nations. A virus called harsh acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus was to blame for the disease occurrence. COVID-19 was the accepted term given to
the illness which was brought by the unique coronavirus. World Health Organization named it on
the 12th of February, 2020. Coronaviruses can also lead to a variety of respiratory tract
infections, including flu. COVID-19 is most likely to have originated from a marketplace that
sold bats, fish, rabbits, dogs, and cats in Wuhan, China. Coronavirus is spread via ejected
droplets that arise when infected individuals sneeze or cough. The droplets enter the
other person’s system via contact pathways like the nose, eyes, or lips (Morens, Breman,
Calisher, Doherty, Hahn, Keusch, & Taubenberger, 2020).
2. List of references:
Morens, D. M., Breman, J. G., Calisher, C. H., Doherty, P. C., Hahn, B. H., Keusch, G. T., … &
Taubenberger, J. K. (2020). The origin of COVID-19 and why it matters. The American
journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 103(3), 955.
psychcentral.com › coronavirus › background-history
https://r.search.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geJaKHdv5hhfQAhHVXNyoA%3B_ylu=Y29sbwNiZjEEcG9zAzMEdnRpZAMEc2VjA3Ny/RV=2/RE=1644095240/RO=10/RU=https%253a%252f%252fpsychcentral.com%252fcoronavirus%252fbackground-history-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19/RK=2/RS=LpXuEidzFbn0dZp3kaFHdOExTM0-
Velavan, T. P., & Meyer, C. G. (2020). The COVID-19 epidemic. Tropical medicine &
international health, 25(3), 278.
doi: 10.1111/tmi.13383
Yuki, K., Fujiogi, M., & Koutsogiannaki, S. (2020). COVID-19 pathophysiology: A
review. Clinical immunology, 215, 108427.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2020.108427
Cao, X. (2020). COVID-19: immunopathology and its implications for therapy. Nature reviews
immunology, 20(5), 269-270.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-020-0308-3
Fauci, A. S., Lane, H. C., & Redfield, R. R. (2020). Covid-19—navigating the uncharted. New
England Journal of Medicine, 382(13), 1268-1269.
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMe2002387
https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%252Ftmi.13383
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2020.108427
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-020-0308-3
ShaketaRobinson
IND101 Milestone 3 Template
1. Thesis statement:
The U.S government should introduce proactive measures and interventions to support the
mental health of Americans during the COVID-19 pandemic, the pandemic is making a
considerable negative impact on the mental wellbeing of many Americans, which impact their
health and daily functioning.
2. In-depth evaluation of one source:
Source: Salari, N., Hosseinian-Far, A., Jalali, R., Vaisi-Raygani, A., Rasoulpoor, S.,
Mohammadi, M., Rasoulpoor, S., & Khaledi-Paveh, B. (2020). Prevalence of stress, anxiety,
depression among the general population during the Covid-19 pandemic: a systematic review
and meta-analysis. Globalization and Health, 16, 57. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00589-
w
• Relevance: This source is very relevant to my topic because it shows how COVID-19
pandemic has led to an increase in stress, anxiety, and depression among the general
public.
• Authority: The main author of this article, Salari Nader works in the department of
Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. The author
has published a number of publications in biopsychosocial medicine and general
medicine. He is thus a recognized authority in this subject.
• Currency: This article was published in July 2020, so it is current. Since the medical
field is changing rapidly articles no more than 5 years old could yield much helpful data.
• Objectivity: The main author is renowned scholar who has worked in various medical
science departments. Although he may have personal prejudices, the work could be
objective in its use of evidence and conclusions. BMC Public Health is a renowned open
access, peer-reviewed journal, mainly consisting of articles on epidemiology of disease
and other aspects of public health. It means the publication could possibly publish similar
articles to Salari’s advocating for possible solutions to mental health problems and
utilization of appropriate measures and interventions to help the general population deal
with issues related to mental health.
• Verifiability: Although this research is not a typical scientific research study, it contains
a methodology section illustrating how the researchers identified articles they obtained
information to inform this investigation. In addition, it has cited credible sources relevant
to the topic and includes a Reference list.
3. One source to omit and why:
Kecojevic, A., Basch, C. H., Sullivan, M., & Davi, N. K. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19
epidemic on mental health of undergraduate students in New Jersey, cross-sectional study. PLoS
ONE, 15(9): e0239696. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239696
After reviewing all my sources, I chose to omit the Kecojevic source as it only focuses on the
effect of the pandemic on undergraduate students’ mental health. I feel it limited to only a
specific population, which may limit the validity of the research findings.
4. Reflection:
I found it a bit challenging to limit my thesis to a brief, one-sentence statement. I realized the
government has not done much to help the general population address the stress, anxiety, and
depression due to consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. So I argued from the perspective of
introducing mental health-focused measures and interventions to help Americans cope with the
challenges of the pandemic. I need to find more information about potential measures and
interventions that can be implemented to tackle future mental health issues during the COVID-19
pandemic and future similar pandemics. Since there could be more relevant sources on the topic,
I will continue to revise my sources to ensure I have only the most relevant and beneficial
sources. My questions regarding the research process include: Can I limit my thesis statement to
one sentence long? How can I summarize my thesis in the conclusion without restating it?
[Delete the examples in Red and fill in your own work.]
Student Name
IND101 Milestone 5 Template
Introduction paragraph (approx. 150–200 words):
In the year 2016, Americans purchased approximately 17.5 million vehicles; less than 1% of
these sales were electric or hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Meanwhile, other nations, like China
and Norway, have eclipsed the United States in electric vehicle market share (Sperling, 2018).
There is no doubt from the international scientific community that carbon emissions from
traditional internal combustion engine vehicles contribute significantly to climate change,
and that electric vehicles represent a viable strategy to curb the automotive industry’s
negative impact on the environment. Why then do electric vehicle sales still lag in the United
States and what can be done to increase sales? The US government should increase the
incentives for the production and consumption of electric cars because the United States is
falling behind other nations in market share of electric cars, they are still too expensive for
most consumers, and research demonstrates that electric cars are effective at reducing
carbon emissions, which contribute to climate change.
Outline:
I. Supporting Point 1
A. Topic sentence: The United States, once a world leader in automotive
innovation, is quickly falling behind other nations in electric vehicle market
share.
B. Supporting detail: The largest EV market is China, with more than half of the
world’s EV sales (Sperling, 2018).
C. Supporting detail: European Parliament and EU set 2020 targets for EVs and
charging stations in all EU member states (Noori & Tatari, 2016).
II. Supporting Point 2
A. Topic sentence: However, the biggest hurdle to the United States keeping pace
with global trends on electric vehicle consumption is the cost for consumers.
B. Supporting detail: [Continue adding paraphrased information or quotations
from your sources as supporting details as in the examples above.]
C. Supporting detail:
III. Supporting Point 3
A. Topic sentence:
B. Supporting detail:
C. Supporting detail:
IV. Countering Opposing Perspectives
A. Topic sentence: Some researchers have argued that the shift from traditional
vehicles to electric vehicles should be slowed, not quickened, because of their
potentially harmful effects on the environment.
B. Supporting detail: Electric vehicles are powered by batteries charged by
electricity, so some argue that the benefits of EVs are lessened because of the
pollution caused by the “dirty, coal-fired power plant” needed to create the
energy (Sperling, 2018).
C. Refuting detail: However, as we move away from coal toward renewable
energy like wind and solar power or nuclear energy, this negative effect is
eliminated. For example, “in France, where most electricity comes from
nuclear power, the environmental benefits are enormous” (Sperling, 2018).
V. Conclusion
A. Review central ideas presented in body and make connection to thesis: It is
clear from the research that a transition to electric vehicles will significantly
reduce carbon emissions and contribute positively toward the global fight
against climate change. However, in order to facilitate this transition, the US
government needs to increase production and consumption incentives for
electric vehicles since the US is falling behind other nations in its market share
of EVs, and American consumers are slow to shift from traditional vehicles
because of the cost.
B. Closing thoughts: Climate change is a serious, global challenge affecting all of
humankind, and every step toward the transition to electric vehicles is a step
in the right direction.
References
Li, C., Cao, Y., Zhang, M., Wang, J., Liu, J., Shi, H., & Geng, Y. (2015). Hidden benefits of
electric vehicles
for addressing climate change. Scientific Reports, 5, 9213. https://doi.org/10.1038/
srep09213
National Research Council (U.S.). (2015). Overcoming barriers to deployment of plug-in
electric vehicles. National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/21725
Noori, M., & Tatari, O. (2016). Development of an agent-based model for regional market
penetration
projections of electric vehicles in the United States. Energy, 96, 215–230. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.12.018
Sperling, D. (2018). Electric vehicles: Approaching the tipping point. Bulletin of the Atomic
Scientists, 74(1), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00963402.2017.1413055
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep09213
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep09213
https://doi.org/10.17226/21725
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.12.018
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.12.018
https://doi.org/10.1080/00963402.2017.1413055
Order an Essay Now & Get These Features For Free:
Turnitin Report
Formatting
Title Page
Citation
Outline
