TDM Ltd’s Financial Year Ending 30th June, 2016
1. The building which are at historical value and the photographs of the founders of the organization are not expected to generate any economic benefit in future. Therefore these assets do not qualify to be recognised as assets as it does not fulfil the recognition criteria for assets. The future benefits here mean the positive contribution to the cash flow of the organization whether directly or indirectly. Therefore, these items will not be recognized as assets.
2.An item to be recognized as liability must fulfil three characteristics that are fulfilled by the situation as follows:
- Past event – a liability to be recognized it requires a transaction or event that has already taken place. Here, the condition is fulfilled as the company is sued on account of negligence
- The responsibility obliges the organization that will leave no space for avoiding future sacrifice. As it is established that TDM will lose the case, it will oblige them to make the payment in future.
- Obliges present obligation that requires settlement. Here, TDM will have to make some outflow of cash for the settlement of the case.
As all the above 3 conditions are satisfied for recognition of liability, TDM Ltd will recognise the amount to be paid for settlement of case sued by Zero Ltd as liability and the outflow of cash shall be debited in profit and loss account (Bond, Govendir & Wells, 2016).
3. In the given scenario as TDM Limited is expecting to win the case of being sued against Badger Ltd for negligence. Therefore, the recognition criteria for liability does not fulfil as TDM Ltd will not have make the cash outflow for the settlement of case. Therefore, in such situation liability will not be recognised. However, the company is suggested to disclose the matter through notes to accounts, if the amount is material.
4.Obsolete equipment and plant that are already retired from the usage of the organization are not able to generate any economic benefits and therefore, must be written off in the financial reports of the company. Thus, as the criteria for recognition does not hold good and not relevant, the item cannot be recognised as asset.
5.The receipt of donation for $ 20,000 meets all the criteria for recognition as follows:
- Control on economic benefits – they will have total control on donation of $ 20,000
- Future economic benefits – donation will enable future cash inflow of $ 20,000
- Past event – money has been received in form of donation
Thus, the receipt of donation will be recognised under asset and the amount of $ 20,000 will be credited in the profit & loss account (Carvalho, Rodrigues & Ferreira, 2016).
1. a)component depreciation will be advantageous as the depreciation is charged on individual component as compared to the depreciation on the whole equipment as done under the simple depreciation method. Therefore, the component depreciation does not affect the income statement directly as in the case of simple depreciation method.
b). Cost model
Advantages –
- Material cost and labour cost are simpler to monitor and control
- The computation under this method can be altered at any time as per the requirement of the organization.
Disadvantages –
- As the nature of this model is nit simple, it consumes more resources an d time of the employees
- Adjustments to the costs are required to be adjusted regularly (Haque, Topal, & Lilford, 2014).
Revaluation model
Advantages –
- It leads to better ratio for debt-equity
- As value of the asset goes-up therefore, increase the net income position of the company
- High value for the assets enables stronger financial position.
Disadvantages –
- As the assets are already shown at fair values, no added benefits arise upon sale
- As the amount of amortization is high, it leads to lower income (Zakaria et al., 2014).
- c) Depreciation under AASB 116
Depreciation is based on the nature and profit generation capability of the asset. If the asset generates more income in the initial years, the diminishing balance method will be appropriate. On the contrary, where the benefits from the asset are expected to arise equally over the useful life of the asset, the straight-line method will be applied there.
Each component of the aircraft will be considered as separate component and therefore, will be accounted at cost less depreciation value
Engines
Engine of the aircraft will be considered as separate component and therefore, will be accounted at cost less depreciation value
Fittings
Fittings part of the aircraft will be considered as separate component and therefore, will be accounted at cost less depreciation value
Food preparation equipment
Food preparation equipment of the aircraft will be considered as separate component and therefore, will be accounted at cost less depreciation value
Accounting Treatment for SC Airlines Ltd’s New Aircraft Acquisition
a) Aircraft body
Total expenses for aircraft will b e $ 210,000
b) Engines
Total expenses for engines will be $ 10,00,000
c) Fittings
Total expenses for fittings will be $ 453,333.33
d) Food preparation equipment
Total expense for $ 61,666.67
Total expenses for all the above mentioned heads will be $ 17,25,000
Accounting for brands – AASB 138
- Brand acquired
- Brand that are acquired are recognised at cost of acquisition
- The amortisation amount of the asset are computed on the basis of the useful life of the brand and the non-amortisation are provided on the basis of indefinite period
- Initially the brand is recognised at cost and thereafter is recognised at the revalued amount if the market is active.
- Internally generated brand
- This includes the internally generated intangible assets that must fulfil the criterion mention under Para 57 of the AASB 138
- Internally generated assets are excluded from the recognition under Para 63 of AASB 138 (Sinclair & Keller, 2014).
2. Various issues that are faced by the standard setters are as follows:
- Brand amortization – as the useful life of the asset cannot be measured reliably, it becomes quite tough to assess the amortization period and amortization amount.
- Measurement – as the brand is initially recognized at cost and thereafter is recognised at the revalued amount if the market is active, it becomes complex to measure the value of the brands. Further, at what point of time the brand shall be revalued and what will be considered as active market is controversial (Salinas, 2016).
1. Contingent liabilities are the possible obligation that is created from the past events and the result of the event is based on the tentative obligation or future events that are not apparent or are not possible to measure reliably. On the other hand, the provisions are the current liability with regard to uncertain amount or timing. The provisions are identified under the balance sheet whereas the contingent liabilities are disclosed through notes to account. In case of liabilities, obligations for sacrificing the future economic benefits are already established and therefore, are recognised under balance sheet. However, in case of contingent liabilities there is a possibility that the organisation will have to sacrifice the future economic benefits or will not have to sacrifice the future economic benefits. Therefore, it is disclosed through the notes unless the amount of sacrificing the economic benefits are negligible that is too low (Picker et al., 2016).
- Provision for long-service leave: the long-service leave benefits are paid by the Australian employer to his employees. It is a cost that is to be incurred by the employer to provide benefits to his employees. Therefore, the provision for the long-service leave shall be included under liability.
- Dividends payable: once the dividend is declared, it is mandatory to make the payments to the employees some time later in near future. Once declared, the company is under obligation to make the payment. However, until the company make the payment the amount of dividend shall be recognised under current liability in the balance sheet (Hennes, 2014).
- Preference shares: preference share that will be under redemption after some specific period and which is entitled to fixed payment of dividend are recognized under liability. On the contrary, if the shares have no fixed period for redemption and not entitled for dividend, are recognised as equity.
References
Haque, M. A., Topal, E., & Lilford, E. (2014). A numerical study for a mining project using real options valuation under commodity price uncertainty. Resources Policy, 39, 115-123.
Zakaria, A., Edwards, D. J., Holt, G. D., & Ramachandran, V. (2014). A Review of Property, Plant and Equipment Asset Revaluation Decision Making in Indonesia: Development of a Conceptual Model. Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology, 12(1), 1-1.
Salinas, G. (2016). Brand valuation. The Routledge Companion to Contemporary Brand Management, 48.
Sinclair, R. N., & Keller, K. L. (2014). A case for brands as assets: Acquired and internally developed. Journal of Brand Management, 21(4), 286-302.
Bond, D., Govendir, B., & Wells, P. (2016). An evaluation of asset impairments by Australian firms and whether they were impacted by AASB 136. Accounting & Finance.
Carvalho, C., Rodrigues, A. M., & Ferreira, C. (2016). The Recognition of Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets in Business Combinations–The Portuguese Case. Australian Accounting Review, 26(1), 4-20.
Hennes, K. M. (2014). Disclosure of contingent legal liabilities. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 33(1), 32-50.
Picker, R., Clark, K., Dunn, J., Kolitz, D., Livne, G., Loftus, J., & van der Tas, L. (2016). Applying international financial reporting standards. John Wiley & Sons.
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