osh_366_w6_defining_associated_risk.pptxosh_366_hazard_identification_and_control_final_project x
FINAL PROJECT PART 1
Attached Files:
OSH 366 Hazard Identification and Control Final Project x (86.485 KB)
Your final project is to complete two separate assignments. Each assignment is worth 150 points. The first assignment is to complete the JHA assessment. Remember before you begin a JHA assessment as a safety professional you must be familiar with the work place, the potential hazards, jobs and tasks which can be found in the workplace. It is your task to complete this assignment. Refer to Chapter 10 for more detail.You must at first complete some background information. You must research a specific industry….. by reviewing pertinent information from the Bureau of Labor bls.gov… and reviewing YouTube videos on how a specific product is made (based on the industry). You must find out the North American Industrial Classification Code (NAICS) code and find out the incident and illness data for that industry. Click on the Injury tab on the go to the 2015 Injury and Illness data. Using the bls data you must use the NAICS code to gather the days aways and other information. In addition, identify the industry description. Place all this information into the appropriate boxes.Section 1: After watching the video you must be able to describe how a product is made. Be able to describe how that product is made and place it into the box. Identify the anticipated hazards found in that industry by doing simple search.Section 2: Identify one job title within the organization and provide a job description. What that job is required to do…. Record everything you can concerning the job you research. After watching the YouTube video write down the PPE that you see in the video and how break down the job is done. Complete the rest of section 1 and perform the JHA in section 2.
SECOND, use the JHA form to describe the task being completed in 10 or more steps. Make sure to identify the most critical/hazardous steps of the job. After this has been done, identify the hazards of the task steps and the controls used to reduce or eliminate them. If there are any problems you identify during the JHA note them and how you will fix the problems found.This assignment will be completed in two phases and will consist of 300 points total. (JHA Narrative and Forms = 150 points; Final Project Training PPT = 150points).
ACME Hospital Inc:
You are to pick one job title:
Nurse
Then you are to provide one task, in which a hazards is present:
How to take draw patient blood (List the steps to perform the task based on the video)
Identify “critical tasks” in which the worker may be exposed to a hazard:
Exposure to BBP from needle stick, patient blood squirting, oozing,
Placing needle in SHARPS container
Current engineering controls, administrative controls, PPE required
Develop SOP or training material
Warning about hazards of the job task
Why PPE?
Administrative controls that will be used
New update from the Dr.
Once you have identified a industry and have researched it using BLS data you will be given a description of the industry and you will get the industry rates….(number of injuries and illnesses per 100 employees) You are then to compare the industry rate to the national injury and illness rate. Is it higher or lower… Are employees bring hurt severely…meaning many of the injuries resulted in death or days away or less severely meaning employees remained at work but were transferred or restricted..
PPT Information:
You are to place the information from the audit into a training PPT. I am your new employee… Your task is to train me as to the hazards you identified in the JHA. You have two choices to do this.. You can either record your voice onto each slides OR you can write the words you are stating for each slide under each slide in the notes section. Be specific… Write as much information as possible. Do not write one sentence under each slide… Remember you are training me. Anticipate questions I may ask and address them. Convince me of the hazards and how to prevent injury or illness. Use the guide I provided to the flow of the PPT.
OSH 366 Hazard Identification and Control
Defining Associated Risk
A summary of the concepts necessary to evaluate risk
Week 9: Chapter 6
Dr. Troy A. Rawlins
Assistant Professor; Program Coordinator
Learning Goals
By the end of this chapter you should be able to:
Define risk management and its principles
Utilize a model to follow in developing the elements of a system
Classify risk using the risk matrix
Cite the importance of incorporating risk into the JHA process
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Chapter Outline
This weeks lesson will be guided by the following topics:
Defining risk management
Risk management theories and models
Ee’ considerations
The environment
Tools/equipment/materials
Management support and policies and procedures considerations
Job steps and task considerations
System Engineering Model
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Chapter Outline
This weeks lesson will be guided by the following topics:
Risk versus Benefit
Risk Management Communication
Risk Management Responsibilities/Assessment
Summary
Key Questions
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Risk Management
“Risk” can be defined as a measure of the probability of and probable severity of adverse effects.
Too many safety professionals and workers still rely on their “gut feelings” or instincts “I think” to assess events
Safety professionals must understand the need to collect risk-related data, earnestly analyze the data and make decisions based on risk assessment
Risk assessment must be incorporated into the JHA process
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Risk management principles have been around for years however have been used mostly in high-hazard industries and are designed around regulatory compliance or reported losses..
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Risk Management
Risk management is the “systematic application of management and engineering principles and uses an array of tools to control inherent hazards of specific tasks.”
Risk analysis provides a method of establishing and prioritizing events, identifying existing and potential hazards and the consequences of exposure
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Management principles to risk management include:
(1). Planning
(2). Do
(3). Check/Study
(4). Act Evaluation
What are management principles to risk management? Management principles include (1) planning, (2) Do, (3) Check/Study and (4) Act/Evaluation. This is called the Deming Cycle. Deming Cycle: Plan-Design the change or test. Step 2. Do—Carry out the change or test. Step 3. Study—Examine the effects or results of the change test… Step 4. Act—Adopt, abandon, or repeat the cycle.. What are engineering principles of risk management? Engineering principles include understanding the risk involved with each piece of machinery…tasks… how the job is done….
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Risk Management
People (workers) make decision on the false premise that “NO LOSS = NO RISK.”
Ee’s sometimes have a low perception of risk thereby putting themselves in harms way because they have never been injured.
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The first step in the JHA process is the development of a clear mental picture of the elements of the job, and the related steps and specific tasks needed to complete each specific step.
Often times the longer a worker does a job without harm the degree of the risk is reduced in the minds of the worker. In the minds of worker No Loss equals No Risk.
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Risk Management
JHA’s help safety professionals look at job tasks in different ways by identifying a combination of Ee’ actions, and environments, tools/equipment/materials.
Specific questions concerning risk include:
How often does the exposure to a specific hazards occur?
What is the frequency of the task or activity? Quantified?
What is the probability of a loss-producing event during the task or activity?
What would be the consequences of the exposure if the wrong conditions came together?
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Risk Management
Specific questions concerning risk include:
What is the potential cost a risk versus the benefit it may produce?
Do the total benefits outweigh the total cost?
Safety professionals must first develop a a clear mental picture of the elements of the job, the related steps and specific tasks needed to complete each specific steps.
***Consider if the task is routine, non-routine, training, guidelines and controls
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Group Think
Write your name on a piece of paper and write down specific step-by-step instructions for how to change a flat tire on a car on the side of the road on a two lane, foggy, rainy day….
Provide specific information in detail as to the steps and hazards associated with the driver behavior, environment tools/equipment/materials used to change the tire
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General Risk Management Theories and Models
Specific methodology must be used by safety professionals to manage risk.
Continuous risk management (CRN) is (see Fig. 6-1) methods used by NASA. It provides a framework for analyzing systems and determining the relationships between the elements that work together to perform a specific task.
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Machine
Human
Management
Media
Objectives
Fig. 6-2 5M Model of System Engineering
The 5M model of system engineering includes Media, Human, Machine, Management, and Objectives.
Media is the environment where the system will operate
Humans and machines interact to produce a successful risk assessment system
Management provides the policies and procedures that govern humans and machine
Management is often the controlling factor in the success or failure of the risk assessment
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General Risk Management Theories and Models
Adopted from the CRN model the 5M Model of Risk Management Success
The 5M Model provides a structured approach to assess the interactions that produce a successful “goal,” i.e. the completion of a task.
Each component of the model interacts in varying amounts of overlap; therefore when incident occur you must question what broke down to permit the conditions for injury to exist.
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General risk management theories and models
Adopted Key concepts of 5M model:
Es’ considerations (instead of human) which include both genders and incorporate all human demographics
Environmental considerations (instead of media) include aspects such as lighting, weather, temperature, biohazards, area obstructions, animals, terrain, etc.
Tools/Equipment/Materials considerations (instead of machines) are the various items needed to complete the job
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General risk management theories and models
Adopted Key concepts of 5M model:
Management Support for Policies/Procedures considerations provides the management commitment and the structure, policies, procedures and rules that govern the interaction between the other elements
Job (steps and tasks instead of objectives)
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Group Think
Reflecting on the changing the tires on a car:
Media: environment… Two lane road on a rainy, foggy day
Human and machine: Driver and car interaction prior to, during and after the task
Management: Policies and procedures (Objectives)…. What does the car manufacturer recommend
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Tools/Equipment/Materials
Employee Considerations
Management
Environment
Objectives
Fig. 6-2 5M Model of System Engineering
The 5M model of system engineering includes Media, Human, Machine, Management, and Objectives.
Media is the environment where the system will operate
Humans and machines interact to produce a successful risk assessment system
Management provides the policies and procedures that govern humans and machine
Management is often the controlling factor in the success or failure of the risk assessment
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Ee’ Considerations
Human factors differences in Ee’ values, personalities, skills, capabilities, etc. in reaction to their environment of workers expose them to risk. Examples include:
Error of Ee’s bypassing safety rules
Forgetting rules
Avoiding safe procedures
Safety professionals must assess the consequences of exposure and apply the correct behavioral concepts —”motivational theory” as well as assess the physical and mental capabilities of Ee’s doing the job
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Table 6-1
Employee Considerations
Factors Examples
Selection Individual psychological and physically trained in event proficiency, procedures, and habit (behavior) patterns
Performance Awareness, pre-judgments, perceptions, task saturation, distraction, channeled attention, stress, peer pressure, confidence, insight, adaptive skills, pressure/workload, fatigue (Physical, motivational, sleep deprivation, circadian rhythm)
Personal Expectancies, job satisfaction, values, families/friends, perceived pressure (over tasking) and communication skills
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The Environment
Environmental considerations are defined as external environmental and internal conditions.
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Table 6-2
Environmental Considerations
Factors Examples
Climatic Visibility, temperature, humidity, wind, precipitation, daylight, darkness, etc.
Operational Human-made obstructions, facility design, equipment configuration, new/modified/relocated equipment reviewed, pace and flow of product or service, machine guarding etc.
Hygienic Ventilation/air quality, noise/vibration, dust, and contaminants
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Tools/Equipment/Material Consideration
Tools/equipment/material bring the items used or handled with their direct task into contact with Ee’s or others.
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Table 6-3
Tools/Materials/Material Considerations
Factors Examples
Design Equipment and engineering reliability and performance and ergonomics
Maintenance Availability of time, tools, and parts, ease of access
Logistics Supply, maintenance, repair, hazardous materials and chemicals, tool and equipment purchase and design
Technical Data Clear, accurate, useable, and available
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Management Support and Policies and Procedure Considerations
Management directs the process by showing leadership and support, defining and implementing the necessary safety policies, standards, and procedures along with engineering controls.
NOTE: Management cannot completely control all aspects and rules to govern interactions, it cannot completely control all aspects of the system elements
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Table 6-4
Management Support and Policies and Procedure Considerations
Factors Examples
Management Commitment The level of commitment from management determines the success if support for the supervision and Ee’s
Standards Regulatory requirements (OSHA, EPA, DOT, etc.) company policies and procedures
Procedure JHA, audit checklists, manuals, policies, rules etc.
Controls Rest, restrictions, training rules/limitations excessive hours of work
Objectives The desired outcome, task analysis and completion
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Job Steps and Task Considerations
Job steps are the specific actions and movements required to achieve the successful completion through the interactions of the parts of the model. Job steps are the functions to be performed, an objective of each step.
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Table 6-5
Job Step and Task Consideration
Factors Examples
Job An overall activity based on performing specific steps to complete each task
Steps Clearly defined actions that must be taken; define how each step is completed. Movements, lifting, travel, observation….
Task A function, a series of functions, to be performed, based on the job steps, an objective. The finer details required to complete a step.
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The System Engineering Model
Forgotten subpopulations of Ee’s that must be included in risk assessments include:
Temporary Ee’s
Relocated Ee’s
Transferred Ee’s
Often overlooked by companies because:
The company has no financial stake in their safety
Relocated and Transferred Ee’s may be erroneously thought to be “experienced” even thought they are the equivalent to a new hire.
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Risk Management Responsibilities
To have effective risk management systems—i.e. safety management system level of responsibility must be clearly defined.
Management responsibilities
Assessing risk, developing risk alternatives
Selecting risk reduction options from recommendation
Training and motivating Ee’s to use risk management techniques
Elevating risk decision to higher levels of management
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Risk Management Responsibilities
Supervisors responsibilities in risk management;
Consistently using effective risk management concepts in identifying potential hazardous events
Ensuring Ee’s follow appropriate risk control procedures
Elevating risk issues beyond their control or authority to management
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Risk Management Responsibilities
Employees role in risk management include:
Understanding, accepting and implementing all risk principles
Maintaining a constant awareness of the changing risk associated with specific procedures
Making supervision immediately aware of any unrealistic risk reduction measures
Ensuring that all coworkers follow procedures and assist in maintaining effective controls
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Risk Assessment Model
Eight (8) Step Process:
1. Define the objective
2. Define and describe the system
3. Hazard Identification and consequence of exposure
4. Risk Analysis and identify the risk
5. Risk Assessment: Group steps/task and prioritize risk
6. Decision-making developing action plans
7. Validation and control: Evaluate results of action for further planning needs
8. Modifying system/process as applicable
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1. Define Objective
2. Define and describe system
3. Hazard(s) Identification
4. Risk Analysis: Analyze hazards and risk
5. Risk Assessment: Prioritize risk
6. Decision-Making: Develop a plan
7. Validation of Controls: Evaluate
8. Modify system/Process
Risk Management
System/Process Review
JHA Documentation Development
Risk Management
Table 6-6
Eight Steps to Accomplish a Risk Management
Process Description
1. Define the objective The first step is to define the objective of the system and ask the question: What are we trying to accomplish?
2. Define and describe the system Describe how the system elements interact: Ee’, Tool/Equipment/Materials Environment and Policies and Procedures
3. Hazard Identification: Id’ hazards and consequences of exposure Hazards are identified by analyzing the tasks grouped by function. Problem-solving format “Who, What, Where, When, Why and How (How much? Many?)
4. Risk Analysis: Analyze hazards and identify risks Assessment is the application of quantitative and qualitative measure to determine the level of risk involved with specific hazards,
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Table 6-6
Eight Steps to Accomplish a Risk Management
Process Description
5. Risk assessment: group steps/tasks and prioritize risks Risk assessment combines the impact of risks and compares them against defined acceptable level criteria. Criteria can include the consolidation of risk into categories.
6. Decision-making: Developing action plans Once a list of tasks has been prioritized the list is reviewed to determine how to address each risk beginning with the highest priority or most severe.
7. Validation and control: Evaluate the results of action for further planning needs Evaluate the effectiveness of the action planning process. Id data to be collected etc. Evaluate residual risk as acceptable or not….
8. Modify system/process as applicable If the identified risk changes or action plans do not produce the intended effect, a determination must be made as to why. Was the wrong hazard addressed? Was the hazard missed?
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Risk Assessment Model
A continuous loop or assessment, identification, prioritization, action planning/implementation and evaluation provide validation of decision, desired results and determination of the need for further action as described in Fig. 6-3 to accomplish a successful risk assessment.
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Classification and Ranking Hazards
One of the key to a successful risk management system is establishing priorities on related hazards to better communicate the various levels of risk.
Identify the most severe risk even in the following video….. Rank them in order..
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
nrthMJkTFG4
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List job steps and tasks
Identify existing and potential hazards
Determine consequences of exposure
Identify at-risk events
Severity
Probability
Establish priority of tasks
Fig. 6-4 Overview of Establishing Task Priorities
Risk versus Opportunity
Risk is neither good or bad but is essential to progress and failure is often a key part of learning. But we must learn to balance the possible negative consequences of risk against the potential benefits.
Assess continuously what could go wrong (high-risk hazards)
Determine which risks are important
Implement strategies for dealing with identified risk
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Table 6-7
Example 1, Severity Rating
Severity Description
High Fatality, permanent total disability, major property damage (> $10,000) or more serious consequences, potential lost workday injuries, multiple injuries
Medium Permanent partial and temp. disability, major property damage (> $2,000->$10,000), or more serious physical harm
Low Other serious, minor injury, lost workday, compensable minor property damage
Minor No potential injury to potential first aid, medical treatment, near miss, or minor property damage (>$2,000)
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Table 6-8
Example 1, Probability Rating
Probability Description
Frequent Steps/Tasks occur very often, i.e. 8, 10, 12 hours per day. Likely to occur frequently
Probable Steps/Tasks occur often, i.e. less than 8, 10, 12 hours per day. Will occur several times in the life of the task
Non-routine Steps/Tasks occur fairly often. This task may occur each week, month, yearly. Likely to occur sometimes in the life of the task
Seldom Steps/Tasks occur sometimes, sporadically or several times. Unlikely, but possible
Unlikely Assume that the steps/tasks will not occur but improbably…rarely.. So unlikely that is can be assumed that it will not occur
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Frequent Probable Non-Routine Seldom Unlikely
High 1 2 6 8 13
Medium 3 5 7 12 15
Low 4 10 11 14 16
Minor 9 17 18 19 20
Classifying Hazards
Tasks
Fig. 6-5 Example1, Risk Assessment Steps in Hazard Classification
****Map the severity to the risk of each task
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Frequent Probable Non-Routine Seldom Unlikely
High 1 2 6 8 13
Medium 3 5 7 12 15
Low 4 10 11 14 16
Minor 9 17 18 19 20
Classifying Hazards
Tasks
Fig. 6-5 Example1, Risk Assessment Steps in Hazard Classification
****1. Map the severity to the risk of each task
****2. Determine the Probability of each task
Table 6-9
Example 2, Probability Rating
Probability Occurrence Exposure
Frequent Highly likely to occur Exposure at times
Probable Probable to occur Exposure > one per shift
Occasional Possible to occur Exposure < once per shift
Remote Unlikely to occur Exposure < once year
Improbable Highly unlikely to occur Exposure is improbable that it can’t be reasonably quantified
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Table 6-10
Example, Severity Rating
Severity Description
Catastrophe Fatality, major permanent impairment
Critical Disability in excess of 3 months or some permanent impairment
Marginal Medical Treatment case or lost time with full recovery
Negligible First Aid or Minor medical treatment
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Catastrophic Critical Marginal Negligible
Frequent HIGH HIGH SERIOUS SERIOUS
Probable HIGH HIGH SERIOUS SERIOUS
Occasional HIGH SERIOUS MEDIUM LOW
Remote SERIOUS MEDIUM MEDIUM LOW
Improbable MEDIUM LOW LOW LOW
Classifying Hazards
Severity
Fig. 6-8 Example 2,Risk Assessment Steps in Hazard Classification Identifying Severity
***Determine the probability of each task
*** Map the probability to the risk of each task
Safety Significance
Risk assessments must be treated as attachments to a safety program and must be completed to comply with regulatory requirements.----This can be accomplished though the development of a JHA.
Visible and Hidden Factors must be evaluated
Visible factors represent what the user actually sees in hazard identification
Hidden factors represent the at-risk events that usually hidden within interrelationships of process
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Pareto’s Law
80/20 rule….
80 percent of the observed defects in a product or in a process can be attributed to 20 percent of the possible cause.
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Visible Factors
Hidden Factors
Risk assessment from matrix
Safety significance of hazards
Generic
Hazard List
Hazard Priority from risk matrix
Determine hazard
Historical loss producing events data
Risk level
Pareto’s law produces a chart of hazards
Summary
Hazard recognition and assessment are fundamental to good safety management. Risk analysis principles provides a structure for the assessment, management and communication of operational risk. Safety professionals must recognize that risk analysis is an ongoing, continuously evolving and improving process.
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Summary
Risk management does not have to a complex process. There are specific principles is used for improving JHA’s.
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Key Questions
1. How do you define risk?
2. What is risk management?
3. What are some human factor considerations?
4. What are some of the environmental considerations?
5. What are some of the tools/equipment. Materials considerations?
6. What are some of the policy and procedures and management considerations?
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Key Questions
7. What are job steps and task consideration?
8. Define risk versus benefit?
9. What are the principles of risk management?
10. Why is risk management communication important?
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OSH 366 Hazard Identification and Control
Final Project
Section
1
: This section is dedicated to researching and understanding the safety management system and potential hazards that are typical of a particular industry.
Directions: For section one you are to identify one industry, which interests you, and conduct some research on the industry. You are identify the industry and also refer to the BLS website and identify:
(1.) The North American Industrial Classification Code (NAICS)
(2.) The industry incident rate (review bls.gov website)
(3.) The national incident rate and provide a comparison of the two incident rates and what that means
Industry |
Industry Description |
1. (a) Industry Name/Type: (b) NAICS Code: (c) Industry Incident Rate: (d) Comparative explanation of Industry incident rate vs. National Incident Rate: |
2. Bureau of Labor Statistics industry Description: |
3. Hazards Anticipated/Identified in this industry: |
4. Detailed narrative of what and how they manufacture their product: (Make me understand what and how they make it!!!!Be specific and provide as much detail as possible.!) |
Section 2: This section is dedicated to a determination of one job in which you will be conducting a JHA on.
Pre-Hazard Assessment Worksheet
5. Job Title: |
6. Brief Job Description: |
7. Initial PPE Requirements: |
|
8. Specific Task Description: |
9. Existing and Potential Hazards and Consequences: |
10. At Risk Events: |
11. Preventative Measures |
12. Enter task description here: |
|||
Student name: |
Date: |
JHA ——–
Brief Description:
Department:
Date:
Last Revision
Performed by:
Personal Protective Equipment:
Note: NR=Non-Routine Task—Place a check mark for these types of tasks. RA=Risk Analysis (After JHA Development)
Job Steps and Task Specific Descriptions
NR
RA
Existing and Potential Hazards and or Consequences of Exposures
Potential At-Risk Events and Preventative Measures
RR
COMPARISON JHA OF TASK TRADITIONAL vs. NEW VERSION
Traditional Version
1. Sequence of Events:
Potential Accident or Hazards:
Preventive Measures
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
New Version
Job:
Department:
Date:
Personal Protective Equipment:
Note: NR =Non=Routine Task –Place a check for these types of tasks RR= Residual Risk (After JHA Development)
Job Steps and Task Specific Descriptions
NR
RA
Existing and Potential Hazards and or Consequences of Exposures
Potential At-Risk Events and Preventative Measures
RR
1
1
OSH 366 Hazard Identification and Control
Final Project
Section 1:
This section is dedicated to researching and understanding the
safety
management system and potential
hazards that are typical
of a particular industry.
Directions:
For section one you
are to identify one industry, which interests you,
and conduct some research on the industry. You are identify the industry and also
refer to the BLS website and identify
:
(1.)
The
North American Industrial Classification Code (NAICS)
(2.)
The
industry incid
ent rate
(review bls.gov website)
(3.)
The
national incident rate and provide a comparison of the two incident
rates and what that means
Industry
Industry Description
1.
(a)
I
ndustry Name
/Type
:
(b)
NAICS Code:
(c)
Industry Incident Rate:
(d)
Comparative explanation of Industry incident
rate vs. National Incident Rate:
2.
Bureau of Labor Statistics industry Description:
3.
Hazards Anticipated
/Identified
in this industry:
4.
Detailed narrative of what and how they manufacture their
product
:
(Make me understand what
and how
they make
it
!!!!
Be specific and
provide as much detail as possible.
!)