In this course, you have learned that a final problem statement normally takes many months to develop. Yet this week, you are asked to begin to develop the purpose statement. This is not because your problem statement is finalized but because it is time for you to evaluate and practice creating the rest of the common components of the doctoral capstone. This is part of the iterative process of preparing the capstone.
INTRODUCTION
Module 3 Week 6: The Purpose Statement
In this course, you have learned that a final problem statement normally takes many months to develop. Yet this week, you are asked to begin to develop the purpose statement. This is not because your problem statement is finalized but because it is time for you to evaluate and practice creating the rest of the common components of the doctoral capstone. This is part of the iterative process of preparing the capstone.
Remember, though, that the assignments in this course are unlikely to be final versions of your study. The intention is to help you to understand and prepare for what you will need to write in your capstone.
The purpose statement serves as the connection between the problem being addressed and the focus of the study. Depending on the methodology, in:
· Quantitative studies, state what needs to be studied by describing two or more factors (variables) and a conjectured relationship between (among) them related to the identified gap in practice or problem;
· Qualitative studies, describe the need for increased understanding about the issue to be studied (based on the identified gap or problem); and
· Mixed-methods studies (with both quantitative and qualitative aspects), clarify how the two approaches will be used together to inform the study.
Notes on Readings
This week’s readings continue to provide information on how to review the research literature. Apply this guidance to your ongoing efforts to read and take notes interactively in the research relevant to your problem. The media and other resources, this week, will help you to develop your understanding of the purpose statement.
The reading in the Single text, this week, can help you to fine tune your system for scholarly reading and note taking via the use of your citation management software.
This week, Thomas provides detailed instructions about how to interact with, and review, the research literature. These skills are critical in your work on your doctorate.
Learning Objectives
Students will:
· Apply technological tools to find, analyze, and evaluate existing research
· Analyze purpose statements
· Apply knowledge of APA references
· Apply knowledge of doctoral study
Assignment: The Purpose and Problem Statements
Stephen King, who has written more than 50 novels—and other books that have sold hundreds of millions of copies—also wrote about how he writes. In his book, On Writing: A Memoir of the Craft, King explains that his iterative approach to writing involves writing, putting it aside, writing something else, and then returning to the first draft.
While it is unlikely you will adopt Stephen King’s ritual for draft versions, recognize that “writing drafts” are an essential part of the process. This week’s writing assignment allows you to present an improved and refined problem statement and an aligned purpose statement.
To Prepare
For this revision of your purpose and problem statements, apply what you have learned from the feedback you have received, as well as the information you have learned from the required readings, web resources, and media.
By Day 7
Submit your draft.
As in previous drafts, your paper should include the following:
· Title—refining the problem statement and purpose statement
· A basic introduction or background statement
· One or two specific and precise sentences that clearly state the problem
· A few paragraphs that synthesize the evidence from research literature that this is a current, meaningful problem in the educational discipline
· Substantiated statements using evidence from research
Note: Every statement must be substantiated by evidence from your research.
· One or two sentences that explain the purpose of your study
Note: Connect the problem being addressed to the focus of your study.
· Demonstration of a logical flow from the preliminary problem to this (narrower) tentative purpose in your study
· Explanation of what aspect of the problem your study address (In other words, what will it accomplish?)
Find and review three scholarly sources to support your purpose.
Your newest draft of your paper should be in APA style and follow the guidelines provided in the document, “APA Course Paper Template with Advice (7th ed.)” found in the Learning Resources.
References
Single, P. B. (2010). Demystifying dissertation writing: A streamlined process from choice of topic to final text. Sterling, VA: Stylus Publishing.
· Chapter 4, “Citeable Notes”
· Section 4.1, “Recording Citeable Notes and Building Your Literature Review” (pp. 81–85)
Thomas, G. (2017). How to do your research project: A guide for students (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
· Chapter 1, “Your Introduction: Starting Points”
· “Purposes of Research” (pp. 6–7)
· Chapter 3, “The Literature Review” (pp. 57-67)
http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general
http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general
REQURIED VIDEO
https://mym.cdn.laureate-media.com/2dett4d/Walden/EDDD/8003/06/mm/slide_show/index.html#slide-2
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Week 4 Assignment: Research Problem Development
Lua Shanks
Dr. Watnick
E.D.D. 8113
Walden University
12-27-21
Emerging New Technologies in Early Childhood Education
Background
The Early Childhood Education (ECE) practice has faced many challenges ranging from inadequate teaching and learning resources, lack of government goodwill, to financial constraints to facilitate teaching operations. Dziuban et al. (2018) highlighted several challenges faced by early childhood education. The scholars argue that poor teaching programs and environments for teachers are among the hurdles facing early childhood education. Aydin et al. (2017) also established that a high pupil-teacher ratio hinders the implementation of early childhood education. Nonetheless, early childhood educators can improve the teaching-learning environment by integrating audiovisual technologies in the teaching-learning setup. Research has shown that there are many problems in early childhood, but there are also many opportunities for improvement.
Problem Statement
The problem is that many early year teachers in the current education sector do not have enough ICT equipment and expertise at their disposal to adequately deliver holistic instruction to early year learners. According to Aydin et al. (2017), educators are increasingly embracing new learning technologies, but have poor technical skills which hamper their capacity to use the technologies. For instance, far too many teachers in the education sector do not have the required phonics skills to teach early year learners how to read and spell words correctly (Dziuban et al., 2018). Research on emerging technologies in early ECE is replete with evidence that shows when children view a video with their parents or teachers and narrate stories, they learn new vocabularies better (Dziuban et al., 2018; Samudra et al., 2019). Therefore, there is a discernible gap in practice about the selection of the most effective audiovisual technologies in content delivery in Early Childhood Education.
Research and Benefits
Early childhood education is facing several different issues according research. However, there are many resources available for educators to improve their learning environment for students. Schools, administrators, and others who are involved in creating the best opportunity for students must find a way to improve and adjust so that the same problems will not continue to exist. To do this they can take a lot of advice from research, which includes learning from their environment, improving class ratios and technology, and improving teacher preparedness. Overall, ECE can be better for all those involved.
Annotated Bibliography
Dziuban, C., Graham, C. R., Moskal, P. D., Norberg, A., & Sicilia, N. (2018). Blended learning: the new normal and emerging technologies. International journal of educational technology in Higher education, 15(1), 1-16
This article provides an overview of several challenges faced by early childhood education. One of the challenges the articles spoke of was children not being on their grade level, and this will make it hard for teachers to teach the child what they supposed to know. The teaching environment becomes difficult or hard when students are behind, so teachers need help. The article mentions the need for technology to aid students in getting individual help to get on grade level.
Aydin, H., Ozfidan, B., & Carothers, D. (2017). Meeting the challenges of curriculum and instruction in school settings in the United States. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 8(3), 76-92.
Aydin et al. (2017) established that a high pupil-teacher ratio hinders the implementation of early childhood education. The article talks about how having numerous students in the classroom can create learning gaps. This also can affect the teacher numerous of ways. The study shows that schools need to reduce the ratio of students to provide the students with the right instruction for the class to learn. Overall, the article shows that things can be better if there are less students in the classroom.
Samudra, P. G., Flynn, R. M., & Wong, K. M. (2019). Covering Educational Media: Does Co-viewing Help Low-Income Preschoolers Learn Auditory and Audiovisual Vocabulary Associations? AERA Open, 5(2),
https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858419853238
Research on emerging technologies in ECE is replete with evidence that shows when children view a video with their parents or teachers and narrate stories, they learn new vocabularies better (Dziuban et al., 2018; Samudra et al., 2019). The article talks about how technology assists students when they are with their parents. It also talks about how technology helps with new vocabulary, and this will help them to become a better speaker. It helped students to comprehend stories better. Overall, technology is a key to success based on this article.
Yılmaz, M., Yılmaz, U., & Yılmaz, E. N. D. (2019). The relation between social learning and visual culture. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 11(4), 421-427.
The article spoke about the importance of observation and social cues in learning. The article talked a lot about how significant it was to see certain behaviors and adjust and how this has been used to help learners improve their knowledge for years. The theory of social learning was another big aspect of this article. Basically, more focus on this theory could help students and other learners improve the way they grasp information.
References
Aydin, H., Ozfidan, B., & Carothers, D. (2017). Meeting the challenges of curriculum and instruction in school settings in the United States. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 8(3), 76-92.
Dziuban, C., Graham, C. R., Moskal, P. D., Norberg, A., & Sicilia, N. (2018). Blended learning: the new normal and emerging technologies. International journal of educational technology in Higher education, 15(1), 1-16.
Huda, M., Jasmi, K. A., Hehsan, A., Mustari, M. I., Shahrill, M., Basiron, B., & Gassama, S. K. (2017). Empowering children with adaptive technology skills: Careful engagement in the digital ınformation age. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 9(3), 693-708.
Kontovourki, S., Garoufallou, E., Ivarsson, L., Klein, M., Korkeamaki, R. L., Koutsomiha, D., … & Virkus, S. (2017). Digital literacy in the early years: Practices in formal settings, teacher education, and the role of informal learning spaces: A review of the literature.
MacBlain, S. (2018). Learning theories for early years practice. Sage.
Samudra, P. G., Flynn, R. M., & Wong, K. M. (2019). Coviewing Educational Media: Does Coviewing Help Low-Income Preschoolers Learn Auditory and Audiovisual Vocabulary Associations?. AERA Open, 5(2),
https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858419853238
Yılmaz, M., Yılmaz, U., & Yılmaz, E. N. D. (2019). The relation between social learning and visual culture. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 11(4), 421-427.
3
[Working Title of Your Study]
[Your Name]
[Course Number & Quarter]
Your Ed.D. Specialization
Week [#]
[Working Title of Your Study]
[Brief introduction to and background for your study. Include 3 – 4 peer reviewed articles (annotated bibliography format) to support/justify/inform what you intend to be working on. Keep it brief.]
Research Problem
[State the research problem in 1 or 2 sentences at the most.]
[Evidence (annotated bibliography format). Include 2 pieces from the literature and 1 or 2 pieces from the local setting (because you will need to conduct your study somewhere, irrespective of what type of capstone you choose, you need to show that the problem is present and relevant at the site where the study will be conducted).]
Purpose
[State the purpose of your study in 1 or 2 sentences at the most.]
[List concepts of interest, with explanations to clarify what they are and how they align to the problem.]
[Conceptual OR Theoretical] Framework
[Include 1 framework (2 at the most); briefly explain what the framework is about and how it connects to your study.]
[For each framework include 1 or 2 seminal work(s) (annotated bibliography format)]
Research Question[s] [and Hypotheses]
[List your questions]
[List hypotheses for each question (if the case)]
Research Methodology and Design
[State type of approach. Include a 1 or 2 sentence justification.]
[State type of research design. Include a 1 or 2 sentence justification]
[List data sources]
Significance
[Brief, 1 sentence statement about the significance of your study]
References
1
EmergingNew Technologies in Early Childhood Education
Lua Shanks
EDDD 8113
Doctor of Education
Week 6: Refining the Problem and
Purpose
Statement Comment by Beryl Watnick: Week 8
Emerging New Technologies in Early Childhood Education
Technological revolutions have transformed early childhood education significantly. These developments have eased the tasks of instructors who had challenges related to delivering high-quality education. Aydin et al. (2017) found in their study that both the curriculum and instructional methods have weaknesses that significantly reduce education quality in early childhood schools. For instance, the authors found that the ratio of teachers to students is lower than required, which implies that there are more students per teacher. Consequently, the teachers cannot comprehensively deliver customized instructions to all students effectively due to time constraints. The authors recommend the use of technology, and employment of more teachers to increase instructional quality by increasing the time taken to teach each student according to their learning and developmental needs. In that regard, Dziuban et al. (2018) discuss raise concerns that there are many challenges in early childhood education (ECE). They include ineffective instructional methods, substandard learning environments, and inappropriate content that do not effectively support children’s learning and developmental needs. The authors propose the use of technologies to promote quality education and growth in early childhood education. Comment by Beryl Watnick: Really? Where is there evidence for this statement? Comment by Beryl Watnick: grammar
Samudra et al. (2019) argue that the use of technology has not been used to the required potential to improve learners’ needs in early childhood education settings. For instance, the authors found that technological devices have the potential to increase children’s developmental and educational needs. In this regard, the authors recommend the use of technological devices including tablets and computers to teach children. The authors researched and found that audiovisual learning devices increase interactive learning, which is associated with high engagement and high performance. Comment by Beryl Watnick: That is obvious, isn’t it?
Research Problem
The problem is that many early year teachers in the current education sector do not have enough ICT equipment and expertise at their disposal to adequately deliver holistic instruction to early year learners. The quality of instruction is not increasing regardless of the increasing advancements in technology. According to Aydin et al. (2017), changes are continuing to be noticed in classroom populations, and in performance. For instance, the number of immigrants has increased significantly, which implies that there is a crucial need to apply effective and appropriate instructional approaches. Additionally, there has been a disproportional improvement in instructional methods with technological advancements. The implication is that instructional approaches have not effectively embraced and applied technology to improve learning. Comment by Beryl Watnick: Yes! Good point! Comment by Beryl Watnick: Do you mean non English speakers?
Studies on emerging technologies in ECE is replete with evidence that shows when children view a video with their parents or teachers and narrate stories, they learn new vocabularies better (Samudra et al., 2019). The article talks about how technology assists students when they are with their parents. It also talks about how technology helps with new vocabulary, and this will help them to become a better speaker. It helped students to comprehend stories better. Overall, technology is a key to success based on this article. Comment by Beryl Watnick: …they enrich their vocabulary
Yulmaz et al. (2019) examine the importance of observation and social cues in learning. The article talked a lot about how significant it was to see certain behaviors and adjust and how this has been used to help learners improve their knowledge for years. The theory of social learning was another big aspect of this article. Basically, more focus on this theory could help students and other learners improve the way they grasp information.
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to determine how best to integrate audiovisual technologies into ECE. In line with this goal, the research will explore the technologies used by educators to impart knowledge to early childhood learners. The concepts of interest include infusion of technology into early childhood education settings, and improving children’s learning and developmental needs using appropriate instructional approaches. Apart from teachers’ ICT tools, this study will also examine audiovisual technologies used by early education students. The basis of this research is the idea that there is inadequate application of technology in the classroom which reduces the quality of learning in many ECE classrooms.
One important postulate of the social learning theory is retention. When young children observe other people or inanimate objects such as mobile tablets, they remember their actions. However, since the behavior is mediated by a mental process, it may or may not be remembered. The application of interactive media makes the learning process more interesting for the learner, thus increasing the probability of retaining the content being delivered in the ECE classroom (Yılmaz, Yılmaz & Yılmaz, 2019). Even when there is short-term replication of the targeted behavior, there needs to be a memory to act as a point of reference in future. Comment by Beryl Watnick: Is this your framework section?
Please go back to the exact assignment expectations. Comment by Beryl Watnick: Word choice?
Research Questions
1. Can audiovisual technologies improve learning in early childhood education settings? Comment by Beryl Watnick: This is a yes or no question and not appropriate for a study
2. How best can audiovisual equipment be used for blended learning for children under 10 years old in the State of California? Comment by Beryl Watnick: Alignment – this is the first time you mention 10 year olds in California. If this is your target audience, it should be discussed in each section.
Research Methodology and Design Comment by Beryl Watnick: Please adhere to my biweekly assignments. This was not asked for.
The study will utilize a qualitative design to investigate how best the various audiovisual equipment be used for blended learning for children under 10 years old in the State of California. The grounded theory design will be used because it would aid in the formulation of a theory that will be based on the collected data from the results of application of audiovisual technology in education (Laird et al., 2018). To that end, six participants will be selected using purposive sampling technique. The participants will encompass individuals from the education sector, teachers, and community members. The gathered data will be analyzed using content analysis tools. This process will involve identifying key themes and performing analytical procedures to confirm or reject the hypothesis.
Significance
The significance of the study is that it will increase the adoption of audiovisual technologies and their effective use at home and in schools to increase children’s developmental and educational needs.
References
Aydin, H., Ozfidan, B., & Carothers, D. (2017). Meeting the challenges of curriculum and instruction in school settings in the United States. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 8(3), 76-92.
Banneyer, K. N., Bonin, L., Price, K., Goodman, W. K., & Storch, E. A. (2018). Cognitive behavioral therapy for childhood anxiety disorders: a review of recent advances. Current psychiatry reports, 20(8), 1-8.
Dziuban, C., Graham, C. R., Moskal, P. D., Norberg, A., & Sicilia, N. (2018). Blended learning: the new normal and emerging technologies. International journal of educational technology in Higher education, 15(1), 1-16.
Laird, Y., Fawkner, S., & Niven, A. (2018). A grounded theory of how social support influences physical activity in adolescent girls. International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being, 13(1), 1435099.
Yılmaz, M., Yılmaz, U., & Yılmaz, E. N. D. (2019). The relation between social learning and visual culture. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 11(4), 421-427.